– Discussion: – anatomy and ligamentous contraints: – ligaments of the wrist – SL interosseous ligament – SLD is most common and most significant ligament injury of wrist; (carpal instability); – risk factors: ulna minus configuation, slope of radial articular surface, and lunotriquetral coalition; – spectrum of injury: (increasing severity) – ref: Association of lesions of … Read more
– Discussion: – see anatomy of the scapula – most common scapular frx are frx of the body, followed by the neck, glenoid, and acromion; – associated injuries: seen in upto 80-90% of patients; – pulmonary injuries and pneumothorax (23%) and pulmonary contussion; … Read more
– See: Avascular Necrosis of the Scaphoid – Discussion: – often result from undiagnosed or undertreated non displaced scaphoid fractures, especially when associated w/ carpal instability; – even when found as late as 6 mo after the injury, frx of scaphoid, esp at the waist and distal location, may go on to heal; … Read more
– Discussion: – indicated for arthritic RU Joint w/ limitation of motion; – may be useful for rheumatoid patients w/ ulnar translocation, as well as the caput ulna syndrome; – procedure involves resection of a portion of distal ulna shaft and fusion of the ulnar head to the radius; … Read more
origin: anterior tubercles of the transverse process of the 2nd to 6th cervical vertebrae; insertion: scalene tubercles on anterior superior surface of the 1st rib; action: – acting unilaterally, flexes and rotates cervicals and raises first rib; – when acting bilaterally, flexes the neck; nerve supply: anterior branches, C5, … Read more
origin: posterior tubercles of the transverse process of 2nd to 7th cervical vertebrae; insertion: superior surface of the 1st rib behind subclavian groove; action: acting unilaterally, flexes and rotates cervical vertebrae; raises first rib; when acting bilaterally, flexes the neck; nerve supply: posterior branches of anterior primary rami of C3, C4; lateral muscular … Read more
origin: posterior tubercles of transverse processes of 4th, 5th, and 6th cervicals; insertion: lateral superior surfaces of 2nd rib behind attachment of Serratus Anterior; action: acting unilaterally, flexes and rotates cervical vertebrae; when acting bilaterally, flexes the neck and raises 2nd rib; nerve supply: posterior branches of C5 , C6 , C7, … Read more
– Discussion: (Innervation of the Leg and Foot) – arises from femoral nerve in femoral triangle and descends through it on lateral side of the femoral vessels to enter the adductor canal. – it crosses the vessels obliquely to lie on their medial side in front of lower end of adductor magnus muscle; – nerve continues its … Read more
– General Considerations: – safe zones for pin insertion imply that pins will avoid major neurovascular structures; – besides avoiding neurovascular strucutures, it is important that pins be inserted in subcutaneous locations; – subcutaneous insertion avoids muscular impalment which decreases pain and increases function; … Read more