– See: Rotator Cuff Tear – Discussion: – see abductors of the shoulder; – common tendon covering top, front, & back of humeral head; – 4 muscles fuse to form this tendon: (subscapularis, supraspinatus,, infraspinatus, teres minor;) – supraspinatus – lies … Read more
Discussion proximal humerus ossifies from four centers: head, shaft, and both tubercles, which unite at age 19 to 20; frx in adult life tend to occur along old epiphyseal lines; depression between tubercles, bicipital groove, contains long head of biceps; tubercles also serve as points of insertion for rotator cuff, w/ subscapularis inserting on lesser … Read more
– Discussion: – transverse carpal ligament, is a heavy band of fibers which runs between hamate & pisiform medially to scaphoid and trapezium laterally, and forms fibrous sheath which contains carpal tunnel anteriorly within fibro-osseous tunnel; – posteriorly, tunnel is bordered by carpal bones, and transports median … Read more
Discussion distal epiphysis includes entire articular surface of distal end of femur & serves as origin of part of gastrocnemius muscle; epiphyseal center of distal aspect of femur is present at birth in newborns, & it expands rapidly to fill both condylar regions. collateral ligaments originate from distal femoral epiphysis & insert on proximal tibial … Read more
– See: Arterial supply to Femur – Embryology of Proximal Femur: – upper end consists of head, neck, & greater & lesser trochanters at junction of the neck with the body; – develops from 4 separate ossification centers; – head forms roughly two-thirds of sphere whose surface is articular except for fovea capitis femoris where … Read more
– Discussion: – sesamoid bone w/ in quadriceps tendon; – cartilaginous posterior surface is divided by a rounded vertical ridge into a larger, lateral portion for articulation w/ lateral condyle of femur and smaller medial portion for articulation w/ medial condyle of femur; – w/ increasing knee flexion, contact … Read more
– See: Ligaments of the Wrist – Anatomy of TFCC: – consists of articular disc (triangulyar fibrocartilage), meniscus homologue (lunocarpal), ulnocarpal ligament, dorsal & volar radioulnar ligament, and ECU sheath; – it originates from firm attachments on medial border of distal radius and inserts into the base of the ulnar styloid; … Read more
– See: role of knee joint in locomotion and mechanical axis – Discussion: – bones forming the knee joint are femur, tibia, & patella; – both left and right femurs converge toward knee and each tibia is nearly vertical, femur and tibia meet angle of some 5-12 deg; … Read more
– See: Lisfranc’s Frx – Anatomy: – proximal end of the second metatarsal is tightly recessed between first and third cuneiforms; – this mortise configuration effectively locks entire tarsometarsal complex, preventing medial or lateral translation; – no significant dislocation of metatarsals or cuneiforms can occur unless this bone is disrupted; – for this reason, pure transmetatarsaltarsal … Read more
– See: Biomechanics of the ACL: – Discussion: – length of 38 mm (range 25 to 41 mm) – width of 10 mm (range 7 to 12 mm) – made up of multiple collagen fascicles; – surrounded by an endotendineum – microspocially: interlacing fibrils … Read more