Axilla view of the Knee
– Discussion: – profiles the the patellofemoral joint; – points of consideration: – patellar tilt: – patellar subluxation: – sulcus angle: – for assessment of femoral dysplasia; … Read more
Spine
AVN following Femoral Neck Fracture
– See: – Avascular Necrosis of Femoral Head: – Blood Supply to Femoral Head & Neck: – Non-Union following Femoral Neck Frx; – Discussion: – when femoral neck frx occurs, intraosseous cervical vessels are disrupted; – incidence of AVN in undisplaced fractures is 11%; … Read more
Atlas Frx / Jefferson Fracture
– See: Anatomy of C1 / C2 – Discussion: – classically described as a 4 part burst frx of the atlas, w/ combined anterior and posterior arch fractures; – frx variants: include two and three part fractures; – pediatric frx: – frx … Read more
Atlantooccipital disassociation
– See: – Occipital-Atlanto-Axial Anomalies: – Anatomy of C1 / C2 – Discussion: – more common children, since the pediatric occipital condyles are small and almost horizontal & lack inherent stability; – this injury is usually but not invariably fatal 2nd to respiratory arrest caused by injury … Read more
Atlas Dens Interval
– ADI in Adults: – in flexion, ADI should be less than 3 mm; – ADI in Children: – in flexion, ADI should be less than 3.5 mm; – Diff Dx of ADI Wideing: – Jefferson’s Fracture: – Atlanto Axial Rotatory Fixation: – Atlanto Axial … Read more
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
– See: Nerve Entrapment – Discussion: – cubital tunnel serves as major contraint for the ulnar nerve as it passes behind elbow; – the syndrome occurs most commonly between 30 to 60 years, and is exceptionally uncommon in children under 15 years; – inciting events: – symptoms may appear several years after trauma (hence tardy … Read more
CT Scan: of Calcaneal Fracture
– Discussion: – demonstrates intra-articular extension of frx – degree of comminution of posterior facet; – calcaneocuboid joint; – impingement of lateral border of calcaneus on lateral malleolus and entrapment of tendons or nerves can be demonstrated; – latter is best seen … Read more
Crescent Frx: (Sacroiliac Fracture)
– Discussion: – involves a combination of ligamentous injury at inferior portion of SI joint, and verticle fracture of the posterior ilium which extends thru iliac crest; – posterior superior iliac spine remain attached to the sacrum; – often occurs as a part of lateral compression fractures; … Read more
Cranio-Maxillary-Facial Injuries
– Facial Fractures and Upper Airway Injuries: – in pts with major frxs of the mandible and maxilla (Lefort III) in whom massive edema has yet to occur, oral intubation is preferred, and if required is usually easily accomplished; – blind nasal intubation following major facial injury is discouraged because of … Read more
Crankshaft Phenomenon
– Discussion: – in skeletally immature pt, isolated posterior arthrodesis w/ instrumentation of a lordotic curve may act as a posterior tethering bar, producing lordosis & bending of the fusion mass as the unfused anterior vertebral bodies continue to grow; – in the study by Noordeen MHH, … Read more