Electromyography
– See: – Nerve Injury: – Nerve Menu – outside links: – The Expert Electromyographer – EMG Table of Contents – EMG Findings in Specific Conditions: – Normal Study: … Read more
Nerves
Elbow Condylar Fractures
– Adult Condylar Fractures: (surgical technique) – capitellar and coronal shear frx – distal humerus frx: – lateral condyle frx: – medial condyle frx: – distal humeral non union: – ulnar nerve in condylar fractures: – Pediatric Elbow Injuries – distal humeral physeal separation: – lateral condyle frx, pediatric – medial epicondyle frx of … Read more
Elbow Dislocations in Children
– See: Elbow Dislocations in Adults: – Discussion: – elbow dislocations in children are a relatively uncommon; – peak incidence occurs in adolescence between 11-15 years. – posterior dislocations are most common type; – posterior dislocation usually results from fall on outstretched hand w/ forarm supinated & … Read more
Elbow in RA Patient
– Discussion: – RA manifests itself in many ways in elbow joint, including nodules and bursae, synovitis, progressive joint destruction, antecubital cysts, & ulnar or, rarely posterior interosseous palsy; – note that involvement of the RA elbow is infrequently an isolated and therefore it is important to consider possible involvement in the wrist … Read more
Elbow Joint
– ROM: – normal flexion is from 0 to 150 deg of motion and 80 deg of pronation and supination; – functional range of motion is from 30-130 deg flexion and 50 deg of pronation-supination; – no tenderness, synovitis, swelling, subcutaneous nodules along the olecranon border (bursa), lateral/medial epicondyle; … Read more
Elbow Arthroscopy
(see also: Elbow Arthritis) Equipement 30 deg, 4 mm arthroscope; arthroscopic pump; Positioning patient is usually prone with sandbag placed under antecubital fossa; TV monitor is positioned opposite of the patient; ulnar nerve is palpated to pinpoint its location and to ensure that it does not subluxate with elbow flexion instill fluid into the joint … Read more
Dysplastic Spondylolisthesis
– Discussion: – involves a congenital insufficiency of facet joints (of S1 or L5) & disk complex, resulting in displacement w/o a defect or elongation of pars interarticularis; – there is gradual attenuation of the pars interarticularis, but no gap or defect in … Read more
Ebow Flexion Contracture / Stiff Elbow
– Discussion: – generally the functional range of motion for the elbow is between 30 to 130 deg; – flexion contractures greater than 45 deg will significantly limit ADLs; – hetertopic ossfication: – may occur after isolated spinal cord injury (3-5%), but will tend … Read more
Dural Membrane of the Spine
– Discussion: – spinal dura is separated from inner surface of bones forming vertebral canal by epidural space containing fat and a rich plexus of veins; – dural sac continues inferiorly to about middle of 2nd sacral vertebra; – pia mater: – closely attached … Read more
Dupuytren’s Contracture: Subtotal Palmar Fascietomy
Case Example by James R. Urbaniak MD. – Discussion: – regional fasciectomy is the most commonly performed procedure … Read more