– Discussion: – musculoskeletal dz is characterized by congenital immobility of multiple joints. – there may be as many as 10 to 20 specific arthrogrypotic disorders, all with similar joint manifestations; – believed to be caused by oligohydrmnios & conditions limiting fetal movement; – joint develops in … Read more
(See also: Adult Upper Limb Arteries) Discussion: Upper Limb Development subclavian artery projects into the early upper limb bud & forms subclavian-axillary-brachial trunk; its distal portion becomes interosseous artery that initially supplies plexus of arteries in the primitive hand; branch of trunk artery, median artery, temporarily replaces interosseous artery in supplying the hand; subsequently, ulnar … Read more
– See: – Anterior Dislocation – Posterior Dislocations: – Discussion: – note: w/ true AP of shoulder there should be no overlap of the humerus over the glenoid; – Greater Tuberosity and Acromio Humeral Interval; – AP in ext. rot. brings greater tuberosity into clear … Read more
– A: Extra-articular (Transverse) – B: Unicondylar fracture – subdivided into lateral condyle sagittal, and medial condyle saggital and coronal; – deforming forces: gastrocnemius – of special importance is B III (Coronal or Hoffa fracture), where only soft tissue attachment is the posterior capsule, that behaves … Read more
– See: Hetertopic Ossification of the Elbow: – Discussion: – most indicated for flexion contractures of the elbow (w/o extension contracture); – disadvantages: – some patients may gain extension but will loose flexion (especially if they are casted in extension); … Read more
– Discussion: – strong and well-defined, arise from antero-inferior surface of medial epicondyle and inserts at the sublimis tubercle, adjacent to the joint surface; – primary constraint to valgus instability; – in flexion, MCL provides 54% of valgus stability; … Read more
– See: – Anterolateral Approach to Forearm – Forearm Flexors – Plating Techniques – Radial Shaft Fractures: Discussion – Discussion: – anterior approach of Henry utilizes interval between brachioradialis (radial nerve) & pronator teres (or FCR distally, which are innervated by the median nerve); – … Read more
– See: – Anterior Approach to the Shoulder – Discussion: – with plate fixation of the humerus, the anterior approach is preferred for proximal and mid-diaphyseal frx w/ application of plate to anterolateral aspect of the humerus (see humeral shaft fractures); – interval lies … Read more
origin: posterior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus; insertion: lateral side of olecranon process and posterior surface of proximal portion of ulna; action: extension and pronation of the forearm at the elbow; nerve supply: radial, C5, C6; synergist: triceps brachii The aconeus muscle flap: its anatomy and clinical application.
– See: Arterial supply to Femur – Embryology of Proximal Femur: – upper end consists of head, neck, & greater & lesser trochanters at junction of the neck with the body; – develops from 4 separate ossification centers; – head forms roughly two-thirds of sphere whose surface is articular except for fovea capitis femoris where … Read more