A truly global perspective on the lumbar spine with contributions from over 200 international experts.
– Pre-anesthetic Considerations: – in spine injured patients, anesthesia is necessary even if the extremity is insensate inorder to prevent spasm and automatic dysreflexia; – need to monitor for automatic dysreflexia (spinal anesthesia preferred); – be aware that acture high paraplegics, because of generalized venous dilation, … Read more
– Discussion: – non-neoplastic expansile lesion consisting of blood filled spaces separated by connective tissue septa containing bone or osteoid and osteoclast giant cells – etiology unknown – may be primary or secondary; – an uncommon expansile osteolytic lesion of bone consisting of a proliferation of … Read more
– See: – Development & Anomalies of Axis – Dens Frx: – Extension Teardrop Frx of C2 – Hangman’s Frx – Normal Variants: – Discussion: – C2 provides rotation at its superior articulation w/ C1, … Read more
– Discussion: – upper end of sacrum, base of triangle, is directed forward & upward; – in middle is upper surface of body of the first sacral vertebra; – its anterior border forms the sacral promontory. – it is concave & fairly smooth on its pelvic surface, … Read more
– Discussion: – sesamoid bone w/ in quadriceps tendon; – cartilaginous posterior surface is divided by a rounded vertical ridge into a larger, lateral portion for articulation w/ lateral condyle of femur and smaller medial portion for articulation w/ medial condyle of femur; – w/ increasing knee flexion, contact … Read more
– See – Normal Variants – Development of Atlas: – Atlantooccipital disassociation – Jefferson frx – Discussion: – C1 has no central body – C1 vertebra is ring of bone w/ large lateral masses that provide only two … Read more
Discussion cardiopulmonary problems (thoracic curves > 60-65 deg alter PFT’s; curves > 90 deg may cause myelopathy & may affect mortality; progression is unlikely in curves < 30 deg single major thoracic curves > 60-80 deg are likely to increase in size even after growth was complete; rate of progression is about one degree per … Read more
– Discussion: – often occurs as a result of degenerative disc disease and facet deficiency; – it is often associated w/ intersegmental instability and w/ central stenosis; – more commonly involves older black females and diabetics (affects females 6 times as much as males); – involves L4-L5 … Read more
(see also: Bone Tumor Menu) Discussion myeloma is malignant tumor of plasma cells arising from a single clone; multiple myeloma accounts for > 40% of primary malignant tumors of bone. it is most common malignant primary tumor of bone may arise as single intraosseous tumor but more often it develops as multiple painful lesions throughout … Read more