Data Trace Editor – See: spine in osteoporosis – Discussion: – caused by long term calcium deficiency; – there is an age related decline in renal production of 1,25 Vit D with subsequent hyperparathyroidism & bone loss; – these pts have already lost most of the bone they ever will lose; … Read more
– Discussion: – frx is displaced & forearm is unstable in relation to humerus; – this injury is really a fracture-dislocation; – Avulsion Fracture – Comminuted Fractures – Distal Olecranon Fracture: … Read more
– See: Posterior Frx Dislocations of the Hip – Discussion: – prognostic features: – long term results are proportional to the degree of intial trauma – this explains percentage of good results progressively decreasing from type II to type V injuries. … Read more
– See: Collagen Discussion: – Discussion: – in Dupuytren’s, there is an increase in type III collagen (which is similar to scar tissue); – normal fascia is mostly of type I collagen; – Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome: – see collagen disorders; – at least 9 types of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome have been defined; – mutations in Type III … Read more
– Discussion: – if the frx needs a reduction, then the frx is not a type I but a type II; – posterior cortex remains intact, making it a greenstick frx; – technically a type II frx implies posterior displacement, but frequently there will also be medial impaction w/ … Read more
– Discussion: – displaced, stable frx; – frx fragments are displaced > 2-3 mm, but collateral ligaments are intact; – frx may be non-comminuted (Type IIA) or comminuted (Type IIB). – no sign of subluxation; – Non Operative Treatment: – immobilized in mid flexion, these … Read more
– Discussion: – characterized by tearing of coracoclavicular ligaments & upward displacement of the medial fragment; – displacement secondary to frx medial to the CC ligaments – Deforming Forces: – wt of arm pulls outer fragment downward and forward due to attachments of trapezoid ligament to scapula; … Read more
– Discussion: – least common pediatric femoral neck frx (about 7%); – capital femoral epiphysis may stay w/in acetabulum but in 50% of cases the capital fragment is dislocated; – tends to occur in infants and young children; – this injury may be the result of a … Read more
– Discussion: – seen in older children and adolescents; – fragment of metaphysis remains attached to posterior medial epiphysis; – articular surface is tilted inferiorly; – deforming forces: – humeral shaft is drawn upward, forward, & inward due to pectoralis major, latissimus, … Read more
– See: collagen – Discussion: – accounts for over 50 percent of the dry wt of cartilage; – type II collagen is also found in small amounts in vitreous gel and in a number of other tissues during early development; – type II collagen mutations: – mutations in type II collagen as a cause of … Read more