– Discussion: – a benign, self-limiting inflammation or infection of an intervertebral disc space or a vertebral end-plate; – it may represent extension of subacute vertebral endplate osteomyelitis which does not produce a progressive vertebral osteomyelitis; – discitis presents in different ways at different ages; … Read more
– See: – development of atlas – development of axis – Discussion: – most pediatric C-spine injuries will occur above C3, and therefore lateral radiographs should be centered on C-3; – Atlantoaxial Rotatory Fixation: – SCIWORA: Syndrome of Spinal Cord Injury … Read more
– Discussion: – medial capsule: – related to repetitive loading of the hallux that leads to attenuation of the medial capsular structures; – medial migration of first metatarsal: – first metatarsal head has no musculotendinous attachments; – head of 1st metatarsal, w/ increased valgus, progressively moves medially off sesamoids, which remain … Read more
– See: – Rheumatoid Boutonniere – Thumb Boutonnere Injuries – Mechanism of Injury: – rupture of central slip directly from its bony insertion commonly results from closed blunt trauma (w/ or w/o fracture); – rheumatoid Arthritis – volar PIP dislocation – … Read more
– Discussion: – osteoarthritis represents a gradual processes of destruction & regeneration; – early in dz, articular cartilage loses its glistening appearance; – later on surface layers flake off while deeper layers develop longitudinal fissures, process termed fibrillation; – cartilage becomes thin and sometimes denuded; – … Read more
– Discussion: – local failure of paraxial mesoderm to segment accounts for fused vertebrae; – Unilateral Bar: – partial failure of segmentation laterally results in unsegmented bar formation; – affected side of vertebra involved fails to grow, & growth of vertebrae on side opposite bar … Read more
– Pathoanatomy: – osteophytosis occurs as result of breakdown in the out annular fibers of annulus fibrosis; – disk material stretching & displacing these fibers, causing stress at ligamentous attachments leading to formation of osteophytes; – osteophytes collects initially extend horizontally; … Read more
– See: Subluxation of the Patella – Fulkerson Classification: – type I, subluxation alone; – type II, subluxation and tilt; – type III, tilt alone; – type IV, no malalignment; – Clinical Presentation: – anterior knee pain with a tight, … Read more
– See: Radiograhpic Evaluation – Anatomy – Biomechanics – Multipartite Patella – Chondromalacia – Dislocation of the Patella – Examination of the Patellofemoral Joint – Fractures of the Patella – Jumper’s Knee – Lateral Retinacular Release – Patella Alta – Pathology – Patella … Read more
– See: – Images in clinical medicine. Neuralgic amyotrophy. – Discussion: – brachial plexus / brachial neuritis – acute brachial neuropathy (acute brachial radiculitis, Parsonage-Turner syndrome) is of unknown etiology and appears sporadically but may follow immunization, or viral illness; – predominant clinical finding is pain, usually limited to the shoulder; … Read more