Frost Bite
– Pathophysiology: – effects of cooling: – temperature of the hands and feet is partially determined by ateriovenous regulation of blood flow; – vascular effects: – severe vasoconstriction 2nd to increased sympathetic tone; … Read more
Nerves
Fractures of the Olecranon
– See: – Pediatric Frx of the Olecranon – Radial Head Fractures – Discussion: – low energy olecranon fractures: – most commonly occur in elderly patients, and result from indirect trauma; – fracture and results from a sudden pull of both the triceps and brachialis muscles; – frx begins at midpoint of trochlear notch and … Read more
Fractures and Dislocations of the Proximal Fibula
– See: – Lateral Collateral Ligament – Maisonneuve Fracture – Discussion: – occur most often in association w/ proximal tibial fractures, esp w/ split compression, bicondylar, and subcondlylar fractures; – look for injury to peroneal nerve, anterior tibial artery, biceps tendon, & lateral collateral ligament; … Read more
Dislocations and Fracture Dislocations of the Hip
– Discussion: – hip dislocations are typically caused by high-energy trauma, usually from motor-vehicle accidents. – they occur most frequently in young patients; – types of dislocations: – anterior dislocation – central acetabular fracture dislocations … Read more
FPL Advancement and Pull Thru
– Technique: – Brunner Incision is made extending from distal phalanx of thumb to the MP crease; – digital nerves and vessels are identified (protected by Grayson’s ligament); – dissection procedes down to the oblique and transverse flexor tendon sheaths; – the proximal … Read more
Foot Lumbricals
– See: Plantar Muscles of the Foot: Origin: between the tendons of the flexor digitorum longus, except the1st, which arises from the middle side of the first tendon of the flexor digitorum longus; Insertion: on the medial side of the proximal phalanx, into the expansions … Read more
Flexor Tendon Repair
– Anatomy: – on volar aspect of finger, FDP passes through FDS to insert on distal phalanx; – both long flexor tendons are tightly enclosed in common tendon sheath which corresponds to zone II; – anatomical proximity explains the development of adhesions between FDS & FDP tendons & digital fibrous sheaths following injury; – excursion … Read more
Flexor Pollicis Longus Rupture: (Mannerfelt Lesion)
– See: Flexor Pollicis Longus: – Discussion: – rupture of the flexor pollicis longus tendon is common in RA; – etiology: – rupture of FPL occrus as result of attrition over scaphoid (osteophyte), which had eroded through volar wrist capsule; – arises from … Read more
Flexor Digitorum Brevis
– See: – Plantar Muscles of the Foot: – Innerv. Musc. Lower Limb – Origin: – medial process of the calcaneus, central part of the plantar aponeurosis, and the intermuscular septa; – entire muscle belly is firmly united with the plantar aponeurosis; … Read more
Flexor Digitorum Longus
– See: Plantar Muscles of the Foot: – Origin: posterior surface of middle 3/5 of tibia; – Insertion: branches into 4 tendons that insert the plantar surface of base of distal phalanx of the 4 lesser toes. – Action: – flexes phalanges at all phalangeal and metatarsophalangeal articulations of 2nd … Read more