– Discussion: – it is a continuation of musculocutaneous nerve originating from C5 – C8 nerve roots and lateral cord of brachial plexus; – be aware of the frequent anatomic variation as it crosses the elbow; – becomes superficial at anterolateral aspect of elbow between biceps and brachialis muscle; … Read more
– See: Kocher Approach to Elbow: – Discussion: – allows exposure of lateral column (for condylar frx), capitellum, and radial head, – it can also be used for Monteggia frx as well as for exposure for PIN decompression; – lateral approach is not optimal for complex … Read more
– Discussion: – allows access to midtarsal, subtalar, & ankle joints; – disadvantages: – skin may slough about margins of the incision, especially if dislocation of ankle is a part of the case (as in talectomy); – further the peroneal tendons must … Read more
– See: – Rolling and Gliding Mechanism: – Gait: – Discussion: – bones forming joint are femur, tibia, & patella; – two femurs converge toward the knee and each tibia is nearly vertical, femur & tibia meet angle of some 5-12 deg; … Read more
– See: Arthrodesis Menu: / PreOp Planning – Discussion: – arthrodesis remains a treatment option for patients who have recurrent infection, or who are poor candidates for reimplantation; – problems inherent in the performance of knee arthrodesis following a total knee arthroplasty complicated by infection are bone loss, shortening, gait disturbance, & … Read more
– produces a dissociative state of anesthesia – the sympathetic nervous system is activated causing an increase in HR and BP which makes it an ideal agent for hypovolemic pts – ketamine is a direct myocardial depressant and should be used cautiously w/ CAD; – ketamine is a potent cerebral vasodilator and is contra-indicated in … Read more
– See: Midfoot/Forefoot Fractures – Discussion: – involves frx at base of fifth metatarsal at metaphyseal-diaphyseal junction, which typically extends into the 4-5 intermetatarsal facet; – Jones frx is located w/in 1.5 cm distal to tuberosity of 5th metatarsal & should not be confused w/ more common avulsion frx of 5 th metatarsal styloid; – … Read more
– Discussion: – most common type seen in children & young adults; – occurs in about 5% of the population; – more common in Eskimos; – more common in yound white males involved in hyperextension activities; – most common … Read more
– See: – Dorsal Interossei – Lumbricals: – Palmar Interossei – Hypothenar Eminence: – muscles of hypothenar eminence are abductor, flexor, opponens digiti minimi, & palmaris brevis; – muscles of hypothenar eminence are innervated by ulnar nerve; – Thenar Eminence: … Read more
– Discussion: – claw hand deformity is manifested by flattening of the transverse metacarpal arch and longitudinal arches, with hyperextension of MCP joints and flexion of the PIP and DIP joints; – deformity is produced by imbalance of the intrinsic & extrinsics; – intrinsic muscles must be markedly weakened or paralyzed to produce claw deformity; … Read more