– longitudinal tears, which usually involve the posterior portion of the meniscus, are the most common meniscal lesions; – in many cases, gross inspection reveals only slight irregularities in inner border of the meniscus; – probing is necessary to establish the presence of a tear; – the meniscus should be probed from its … Read more
origin: anterior tubercles of transverse processes of the 3rd to 6th cervical vertebrae; insertion: inferior surfaces of the basilar portion of the occipital. action: – acting bilaterally, flexes cervical vertebrae and head; – acting unilaterally, rotates and flexes cervical vertebrae and head to the same side; nerve supply: muscular branches of C1, C2, … Read more
origin: transverse processes of the 1st to 5th thoracic vertebrae and the articular processes of the 4th to 7th cervical vertebrae; insertion: the posterior margin of the mastoid process; action: acting bilaterally, extends and hyperextends head; acting unilaterally, flexes and rotates the head the same side; synergists: Semispinalis capitis , spinalis capitis, Longissimus Cervicis
origin: the common broad thich tendon with Iliocostalis Lumborum, fibers from the transverse and mamillary processes of the lumbar vertebrae and lumbrosacral aponeurosis; insertion: the tips of transverse process of all thoracic vertebrae and the lower 9 or 10 ribs between the tubercles and angles; action: acting unilaterally, extension of vertebral column … Read more
– Discussion: – long thoracic nerve is derived from ventral rami of C5, C6, & C7 – close to their emergence from intervertebral foramina; – it runs downward & pases either in front of or behind middle scalene muscle; – it reaches upper slip of serratius anterior muscle & descends on outer surface of this … Read more
– Discussion: – involves central or peripheral depression of frx of lateral plateau w/o associated lateral wedge fracture; – it usually occurs from minimal impact on weak osteoporotic bone; – commonly affects older age groups (55-60 yrs) w/ marked osteoporosis; – stability of joint is rarely affected & excellent … Read more
– Discussion: – at wrist, Lister’s tubercle is palpable on dorsum of radius; – it serves as a pulley for the EPL; – radial and ulnar styloid processes are also palpable, w/ tip of radial styloid process projecting 1 cm distal to that of ulna; – on … Read more
– See: Midfoot/Forefoot Fractures – Discussion: – anatomy of the midfoot – mechanism: – because 2nd metatarsal is the longest metatarsal proximally, it will often be frxed at its base, with the other metatarsals dislocated; – dorsal capsule of Lisfranc’s joint, lacking sufficienct reenforcement, will to support the load and will collapse, resulting in dorsal … Read more
– Discussion: – PFFD – its impotant to distinguish between lengthening down the anatomic axis and lengthening down the mechanical axis; – lengthening along the anatomic axis will displace the knee medially (displacing the mechanical axis); – lengthening along the mechanical axis does not … Read more
– Theoretical Considerations: – Discussion of Limb Lengthening: – Distraction Histiogenesis: (osteoclasis): – Ilizarov Menu – Technique: – ring characteristics: – w/ the original Ilizarov technique, only two rings (each with drop wires) were used; … Read more