Bones
Calcaneus Capitate Clavicle Coracoid Process Femur Fibula Foot Hamate Humerus Lunate Navicular Olecranon Patella Pisiform Radius Sacrum Scaphoid Scapula Sesamoid Bones (Foot) Sesamoid Bones (Hand); Talus Tibia Trapezium Triquetrium Ulna
Humerus
Bone Patellar Bone ACL Reconstruction
– See: – Bone Patella Bone Allografts – Non Bone Patella Bone Reconstruction – Discussion: – Anatomy of ACL; – ACL Biomechanics; – Graft Tunnel Sites / Isometry: – Graft Biomechical Characteristics: – … Read more
Biomechanics of the Patello-Femoral Joint
– See: Role of Knee Joint During Gait: – Discussion: – patella increases the mechanical advantage of extensor muscles by transmitting forces across knee at greater distance (moment) from axis of rotation; – increases functional lever arm of quads as well as changing direction of pull of quad mechanism; … Read more
Biceps Brachii
– Anatomy: – origin: – long head: supraglenoid tuberosity of the scapula – short head: apex of coracoid process of scapula; – synergists: brachialis, brachioradialis, supinator; – innervation: musculocutaneous, C5 > C6; – … Read more
Bauman’s Angle for Supracondylar Fractures
(See also: Radiographs for Supracondylar Frx) Baumann’s Angle humeral capitellar angle: angle between long axis of humeral shaft & growth plate of lateral condyle, will reliably predict final carrying angle after reduction; normal is about 85-89 deg, but it is best to judge the carring angle as compared to the uninjured side; a deviation more … Read more
Bankart Lesion
– Discussion: – is an avulsion of the anteroinferior glenoid labrum at its attachment to IGHL complex; – lesion is felt to result from anterior shoulder dislocation and is felt to be primary lesion in recurrent anterior instability; – when Bankart lesion occurs, there is obligitory concomitant capsular disruption, w/ stretching or elongation … Read more
Bankart Reconstruction Techniques
Carl J. Basamania M.D. – Discussion of Bankart Lesions – Assessment of Bankhart Lesion: … Read more
Axillary Approach to the Shoulder
– Indications: – most often used for anterior shoulder reconstructions – Positioning: – beach chair w/ full access to posterior aspect of shoulder; – holding shoulder in flexion, will relax shoulder & facilitate exposure; – consider the Mconnel Shoulder Positioner; – references: … Read more
Axillary Artery
– See: Arteries of the Upper Limb – Discussion: – the axillary artery begins at the first rib as a direct continuation of the subclavian artery and becomes the brachial artery at the lower border of the teres major – artery passes behind pectoralis minor in its course thru axilla & is conveniently described as having 3 … Read more
Axillary nerve
– Discuussion: – axillary nerve (C5, C6) originates from and passes backward from posterior cord of brachial plexus – at level of axilla; – it arises immediately posterior to the coracoid process and conjoined tendon; – it crosses the inferolateral surface of the subscapularis, 3-5 mm medial to the musculotendinous border; – sweeping a finger … Read more