The Hip - book

Caput Ulnae Syndrome

– See:     – Radial Ulnar Joints     – Rheumatoid Arthritis – Discussion:     – ulnar caput syndrome results from synovitis stretching ulnar carpal ligaments;     – there is dorsal dislocation of distal ulna, supination of carpus on hand, volar subluxation of the ECU;     – left untreated, ulnar translocation … Read more

Carbamazepine / Tegertol

– for siezure disorders, 2nd line treatment for temporal lobe, grand mal, but not for petit mal siezures; – Adult: 200 mg bid, initially; Increase by 200 mg/day, then usually 800-1200 mg/day; – Note Hematological side effects; Must check CBC, – Serum levels:8-12; > 15 is toxic; – Peds: < 6yrs: Initial: 10 mg/kg/day divided bid; … Read more

Camptodactyly

– Discussion:     – camptodactyly involves a PIP flexion deformity which usually involves the little finger;     – deformity is likely due to imbalance caused by extensor hood insufficiency, a tight FDS, and/or abnormal intrinsic insertion volarward;            – cases which involve contracture of the FDS, may show a dynamic … Read more

Cancellous Bone

– Discussion:     – cancellous or spongy bone is found at ends of long bones & makes up greater part of cuboidal bones;     – its chemical composition and ultrastructure are identical to that of cortical bone;     – cancellous bone is also formed in layers & is, therefore, lamellar bone;     – … Read more

Cancellous Bone Screws: 4.5 and 6.5

– 6.5 mm cancellous bone screw:         – has an unthreaded shaft of diameter 4.5 mm, a thread diameter of 6.5 mm, and a core diameter is 3 mm, and either a 16 mm or 32 mm thread length;         – pre-drilling:                – … Read more

Candida: Infections

– See: Antifungal Agents and Diflucan Treatment of candidosis in severely injured adults with short-course, low-dose amphotericin B. Ketoconazole prevents Candida sepsis in critically ill surgical patients. Candida infection in massively burned patients Candida. A decreasing problem for the burned patient Eradication of Candida burn wound septicemia in massively burned patients. A ten-year review of Candida … Read more

Cannulated Screws for Femoral Neck Fracture

– Indications for Closed Reduction and Fixation: – indications for closed reduction and fixation: – physiologically young patient: age < 65, working patient, good bone stock; – demented elderly patient that requires total care; – adequate closed reduction w/ no frx comminution or femoral neck defects; – patient should be aware that with an inadequate … Read more

Capitate

        – See:       – Blood Supply to the Wrist – Exam of Capitate:       – palpable immediately proximal to the base of the 3rd metacarpal;       – w/ wrist is in neutral position, one may palpate a small depression in capitate;        – … Read more

Calcium

– See: Calcium Supplements: – Ionotropic Action: for acute Hypotension; (will raise the blood pressure, no matter what the cause of HypoTN)      – comes as 1gm/10 ml in rapid injection syringes;      – 1/4 amp (2.5 ml) for mild hypotension;      – 1/2 amp (5.0 ml) for moderate hypotension;     … Read more

Calcium Regulation of Muscle Contraction

– Discussion:     – muscle contraction is regulated by calcium ions, which will change thin filament into an activated state by binding to troponin;          – release of calcium actives the myosin-ATP complex, which motors the sliding action between actin and myosin;     – in absence of calcium, troponin & tropomyosin interfere … Read more