Ortho Oracle - orthopaedic operative atlas

Carpal Instability

– See: – Kinematics – Dynamic Instability – Ligaments of the Wrist – Perilunate Dislocations – Instability Patterns: – ulnar translocation: carpus shifts ulnarward (frequently seen in rheumatoid wrist); – dorsal intercalated segment instability; – present when lunate has rotated into dorsiflexion, as seen on lateral x-rays; – capitate displaces dorsal to long axis of … Read more

Carbenicillin/Geocillin/Geopen/Pyopen

– See:       – AnitPseudo       – Penicillin Family – Useful for infections caused by Pseudomonas and Proteus; – There are small differences in the pattern of activity of these agents against gram-negative organisms.  Ticarcillin is two to four times more active than carbenicillin against P. aeruginosa – more active against … Read more

Carbidopa/Levodopa (Sinemet)

– For Parkinson’s dz; Start at 10/100 mg bid/tid; titrate as needed; – May cause psychic disturbances, orthostatic hypotension, dyskinesias, cardiac arrhythmias; * may promote bone healing L-dopa in the treatment of nonunited fractures.

Cardiac

– Discussion: – cardiovascular manifestations cause 90% of the deaths; – major abnormality is dilatation of the ascending aorta, which usually begins in the intrapericardial portion and extends into or beyond      aortic arch;      – dilatation at level of valve may result in aortic regurgitation;      – dilatation is progressive & precedes … Read more

Cardiac Enzymes

– See: Laboratory Menu – CPK:     – normal values:             – men: less than 174 Units/liter             – women: less than 140 Units/liter             – isoenzymes: MM 100%, MB (cardiac) and BB (brain) normally comprise 0%;     … Read more

Cardiac Orders / Management

ACLS Risk Assessment: Management of Myocardia Infarct: Meds EKG Interpretation Hct TC x 2 10 gm/100 ml of Hgb is regarded by many as minimal for GEA w/ CAD; useful rule when attempting physiologic correction of chronic anemia is seldom to administer more than 1 unit of blood per day thereby allowing time for excretion … Read more

Cardiac output

– See: – CVP – SG CATH – Afterload – Frick method  – 3.5-5.5 L/min; Cardiac Index: 2.8-3.2 L/min/m sqd; – average normal cardiac index is 3.5 l/min/m sq, and 95% of normal individuals have indices in the range of 2.1 to 4.9 l/min/m sq; – determinants of cardiac output: – HR: in general should … Read more

Capitate-Hamate Fusion

Discussion limited fusion of the capitate to the hamate has also been used successfully to prevent carpal collapse; however, following this procedure, grip strength is slow to return; some believe that this is a poor treatment option, since it does not cross both carpal rows, and consequently is ineffective in causing transfer load to the ulnar … Read more

Capitelar and Coronal Shear Frx

– Discussion:     – see lateral condyle fracture – uncommon frx which is difficult to diagnose if fracture frag is small; – any effussion within the elbow joint together with displacement of fat pads suggests either a capitulum fracture or nondisplaced frx of radial head; – Type I: (Hans Steinthal Frx) – type I is fracture … Read more