– See: Forearm Flexors – Anatomy: – origin: 2 heads from medial epicondyle of humerus & medial border of olecranon; – insertion: palmar surface of pisiform, hamate, and bases of 5th metacarpal; – action: flexes and adducts the hand at the wrist; – synergists: flexor carpi radialis; … Read more
– Discussion: – Dx of FES requires at least one sign from major criteria and at least four signs from the minor criteria category; – Gurd’s Major Criteria: – axillary or subconjuctival petechia – occurs transiently (4-6 hours) in 50-60 % of the cases; – hypoxemia (PaO sub 2, <60 mmHg; FiO sub 2, <= … Read more
– Discussion: – advantages of femoral shaft reaming: – avoids potential mis-sizing of nail diameter (which can occur when non-reamed nails are inserted); – reaming may carry bone graft particulate into the fracture site; – faster union may be achieved in … Read more
– Discussion: – general discussion of non union / infected femoral nails – femoral shaft that has not healed in 26 wks signals a delayed union; – may be more common in segmental fractures and in winquest type IV fractures; – most common iatrogenic risk factor is failure to … Read more
– See: – Anastomoses of Lower Limb Arteries – Femoral Arteriogram: – Lower Limb: anatomy of arteries and bones with 3D pictures and angiographic radiological images – Anatomy: – common iliac bifurcates at the L5-S1 disc; – internal iliac: – courses anterior and adjacent to … Read more
– See: – Compartment Syndrome Menu – Compartment Syndromes resulting from Tibial Fractures – Anterior Compartment – Lateral Compartment – Deep Posterior Compartment – Superfical Posterior – Anterolateral Incision: (Two Incision Technique) – anterior & … Read more
– Discussion: – FES results when embolic marrow fat macroglobules damage small vessel perfusion leading to endothelial damage in pulmonary capillary beds leading to respiratory failure and ARDS like picture; – ref: Early-Onset Fat Embolism Syndrome. A Case Report – risk factors for FES: – … Read more
– See: – Bilateral InterFacet Dislocation – Hyperflexion Injuries – Unilateral Facet Dislocation: – Discussion: – frequently missed in acute cervical spine trauma; (oblique radiograph views are important here); – lateral mass frx is considered to be extension rotational injury; – flexion of … Read more
– Discussion: – recurrent rotator cuff tear: – ref: Mode of failure for rotator cuff repair with suture anchors identified at revision surgery – deltoid injury: – may occur from axillary nerve palsy or from avulsion of deltoid off the acromion; – consider … Read more
– Factors Related to Extremity Injury: – duration of use; – it is thought that muscles are more sensitive than nerves to duration of tourniquet use; – use of tourniquet for > 2 hours & pressures of > 350 mm of mercury in … Read more