– Anatomy: – PCL is approximately twice as strong and twice as thick as the normal ACL (therefore less commonly injured); – size: 13 mm, its length, 38 mm, (approximates that of ACL); – origin: – PCL originates from the antero-lateral aspect of … Read more
– Discussion: – distal epiphysis includes entire articular surface of distal end of femur & serves as origin of part of gastrocnemius muscle; – epiphyseal center of distal aspect of femur is present at birth in newborns, & it expands rapidly to fill both condylar regions. … Read more
– See: Arterial supply to Femur – Embryology of Proximal Femur: – upper end consists of head, neck, & greater & lesser trochanters at junction of the neck with the body; – develops from 4 separate ossification centers; – head forms roughly two-thirds of sphere whose surface is articular except for fovea capitis femoris where … Read more
– Discussion: – sesamoid bone w/ in quadriceps tendon; – cartilaginous posterior surface is divided by a rounded vertical ridge into a larger, lateral portion for articulation w/ lateral condyle of femur and smaller medial portion for articulation w/ medial condyle of femur; – w/ increasing knee flexion, contact … Read more
– See: Biomechanics of the ACL: – Discussion: – length of 38 mm (range 25 to 41 mm) – width of 10 mm (range 7 to 12 mm) – made up of multiple collagen fascicles; – surrounded by an endotendineum – microspocially: interlacing fibrils … Read more
– See – Normal Variants – Development of Atlas: – Atlantooccipital disassociation – Jefferson frx – Discussion: – C1 has no central body – C1 vertebra is ring of bone w/ large lateral masses that provide only two … Read more
– See: role of knee joint in locomotion and mechanical axis – Discussion: – bones forming the knee joint are femur, tibia, & patella; – both left and right femurs converge toward knee and each tibia is nearly vertical, femur and tibia meet angle of some 5-12 deg; … Read more
– See: Lisfranc’s Frx – Anatomy: – proximal end of the second metatarsal is tightly recessed between first and third cuneiforms; – this mortise configuration effectively locks entire tarsometarsal complex, preventing medial or lateral translation; – no significant dislocation of metatarsals or cuneiforms can occur unless this bone is disrupted; – for this reason, pure transmetatarsaltarsal … Read more
Anatomy & Sites of Compression of Cubital Tunnel – Discussion: – cubital tunnel extends from medial epicondyle to olecranon; – it serves as the major contraint for the ulnar nerve as it passes behind the elbow; – w/ flexion the cubital tunnel becomes taunt, and with extension the cubital tunnel becomes lax; – aponeurotic roof … Read more
– See – Arterial Menu – Cruciate Anastomosis – Discussion: – anastomoses between: – superior & inferior gluteal arteries and medial & lateral circumflex; – deep circumflex artery & ascending lateral circumflex femoral – … Read more