– See: – Stance – Muscle Activity During Gait – Discussion: – during last portion of single limb stance & entirety of wt release, tibial external rotation continues, ankle plantar flexion is seen, and sub- talar joint continues to invert; – forefoot is now in a … Read more
– See: – Radiographic Studies – Verticle Fractures of Medial Malleolus – Discussion: – transverse frx of fibula occuring below syndesmosis; – usually there is enough remaining butress of fibula to prevent lateral talar tilt or displacement; – avulsion frx of distal fibula c/w supination/adduction frx; – … Read more
– Discussion: – results from supination-adduction fracture (Weber A) – adduction forces result in a vertical fracture of the medial malleolus at the junction of the plafond and malleolus; – transverse fibular frx or tear of lat collat occurs concomitantly; – medial … Read more
– See quadriceps muscle; Origin: Lower 1/2 of the intertrochanteric lines, medial lip of linea aspera, upper part of medial supracondylar line, medial intermuscular septum tendons of adductor magnus and adductor longus; Insertion: Medial border of the patella by the ligamentum patella into the tibia tuberosity; Action: Extends the leg at the knee … Read more
– See: Venous Repair – Discussion: – veins accompany the arteries of the lower limb, and those that parallel the large arteries of leg are paired; – five major venous structures of leg are greater and lesser saphenous veins, posterior & anterior tibial veins, & peroneal veins; – Greater Saphenous Vein: … Read more
– Discussion: – blood supply of the soleus muscle is from peroneal artery proximally and the posterior tibial artery distally; – muscle has a mixed blood supply; – vascular supply of the soleus is from popliteal, posterior tibial, & peroneal vascular pedicles to the proximal muscle, peroneal pedicles to distal lateral belly, and segmental posterior tibial … Read more
– See Quads Origin: Proximal 2/3 of the anterolateral surface of the femur, lower 1/2 of the linea aspera, upper part of the lateral supracondylar line; Lateral intermuscular septum; Insertion: By tendons of the rectus and vastus muscles into the superior border of the patella and by the ligamentum patella into the … Read more
– See Quads Origin: upper part of intertrochanteric line, anterior and lower borders of greater trochanter, lateral lip of gluteal tuberosity, upper half of linea aspera, lateral intermuscular septum, and tendon of the gluteus maximus; Insertion: lateral border of the patella by the ligamentum patella into tibia tubercle; Action: extends the … Read more
– See: – Valgus Stress Test: – Lateral Collateral Ligament: – Torn Collateral Tested in Flexion: – when tested in flexion which relaxes posterior capsule, same ligamentous laxity will result in a much greater degree of instability; – at 30 deg flexion, the cruciates are in … Read more
– See: – Vascular Trauma Associated w/ Fractures (main dissucssion); – Technique of Microanatomosis: – Discusion: – anterior tibial artery occlusion: – most common site of vascular injury; – occlusion occurs as anterior tibial artery passes … Read more