– Discussion: – includes the tounge frx and joint depression frx; – results from axial force that is maintained after the primary frx line occurs; – posterolateral aspect of talus impacts on posterior facet resulting in explosion of lateral wall that may extend as far laterally as the calcaneocuboid joint; … Read more
– Discussion: – type of tarsal coalition: – calcaneonavicular bar is most common, followed by middle facet of the talocalcaneal joint; – ossification occurs between 8 and 12 years; – coalition between calcaneus & navicular is usually seen in pts between 8-12 years of age when cartilaginous … Read more
– See: – Calcaneal Frx in Children – Fatigue Fractures of the Calcaneus – Fractures of the Anterior Process – Sub-Talar Joint – Sustentaculuum Tali Fractures – Discussion: – typically results from fall from height (see mechanism) – 2 types of frx may occur: extra-articular and intra-articular: – intra-articular fracture: – secondary frx line; … Read more
– C6-7 Disc Herniation: – intervertebral disk herniation between 6th & 7th cervical vertebrae would affect 7th cervical nerve root; – impingement on root at this level would most likely cause sensory changes down the posterior aspect of the arm, posterolateral aspect of forearm, about dorsum of hand, and long … Read more
– Nerves: – Median nerne C5 C6 C7 C8 T1 – Radial Nerve C5 C6 C7 C8 T1 … Read more
– Muscle Testing: – deltoid & biceps are two muscles w/ C5 innervation that are easily tested; – while deltoid is innervated almost entirely by C5, biceps has dual innervation, from both C5 and C6, and therefore, evaluation of C5 neurologic level thru biceps testing … Read more
– Radiculopathy: – pts with a C6 radiculopathy should cause pain in the neck, shoulder, lateral arm, radial forearm, dorsum of hand, and tips of thumb, index, and long finger; – distribution of pain is less extensive and more proximal, whereas paresthesia’s predominate distally; – in some individuals, a … Read more
– Discussion: – fall from a height, landing on one’s feet, is typical of this fracture; – burst frx involve only compressive failure of vertebral body both anteriorly & posteriorly, w/ failure of both anterior & middle columns; – axial loading applied to intravertebral disc results in increased nuclear pressure and … Read more
– Discussion: – bulbocaverosus reflex refers to anal sphincter contraction in response to squeezing the glans penis or tugging on the Foley; – reflex involves S-1, S-2, and S-3 nerve roots and is spinal cord- mediated reflex arc; – following spinal cord trauma, presence or absence of … Read more
Discussion type of incomplete cord syndrome: injury to either side of spinal cord produces ipsilateral muscle paralysis (from corticospinal tract injury) and contralateral hypersthesia to pain and temperature (from spinothalamic injury); syndrome results from hemitransection of spinal cord w/ unilateral damage to the spinothalamic & corticospinal tracts and resultant loss of ipsilateral motor & dorsal column … Read more