– a series of pairs of small muscles extending from the sacrum to the axis; – origin: transverse processes of the vertebrae; – insertion: bases of the spinous processes of the 1st vertebrae above; – action: acting bilaterally, rotation of the spine to the opposite side; acting unilaterally, extension and hyperextension of the spine; – … Read more
– a series of pairs of small muscles extending from the sacrum to axis; – origin: transverse processes of the vertebrae; – insertion: bases of the spinous processes of the 2nd vertebrae above; – action: acting bilaterally, rotation of the spine to the opposite side; – nerve supply: posterior rami of the spinal nerve; – … Read more
– Discussion: – ultimate effects of rotation of TKR components: – internal rotation of tibial component w/ respect to tibia will cause external rotation of tibia when knee is reduced, resulting in lateral displacement of the tibial tubercle; – medial rotatation of the tibial & femoral … Read more
– Discussion: – plain films may not reveal posterior arch frx, frx and subluxations of articular facets, frx of C1 and C2 (among most commonly missed fractures on plain films), and interspinal bony fragments; – plain films may not pick up the coronally oriented vertebral body … Read more
– See: – Unilateral Bar: – Segmented Vertebrae: – Discussion: – many pts have mild curves that are stable for years and then suddenly become severe when the adolescent growth spurt begins; – approx 75% of pts w/ Congenital Scoliosis will show progression, & approx 50% will … Read more
– See: – Rheumatoid Arthritis – Rheumatoid Hand – RA Disease in the Wrist – Discussion: – tenosynovitis may present w/ difficulty w/ active PIP flexion, carpal tunnel symptoms, trigger finger, & deQuervain’s syndrome; – tenosynovitis will manifest as dorsal wrist swelling and may be isolated … Read more
– See: Rheumatoid Arthritis – Epidemiology: – forefoot is involved twice as often as the hindfoot; – initially, RA involves the forefoot, then the midtarsal joints, and finally the hindfoot; – sites of involvement: – ankle joint is frequently spared; … Read more
– Rhomboid Major: origin: spinous process of 2nd to 5th thoracic vertebrae; insertion: medial border of scapula from spine to inferior angle; action: adducts scapula and elevation of medial border; the inferior fibers aid in rotating the glenoid cavity inferior; nerve supply: dorsal scapular (C4, C5); … Read more
– Discussion: – the foot is the initial manifestation of RA in 15% of patients; – initially, RA involves the forefoot, then the midtarsal joints, and finally the hindfoot; – forefoot is involved twice as often as the hindfoot; – although forefoot & hindfoot disease can coexist, commonly pt’s have one or the other; – … Read more