– Discussion: – Pavlik harness is a dynamic flexion abduction orthosis used to treat DDH in infants up to 6 months of age; – harness usually leads to stability of reduced hip w/ in 4 wks, but its use should be continued until clinical exam & x-rays of hip are normal; … Read more
Pavlik harness: Position for Reduction & Safe Zone – Discussion: – stable zone: – ROM in which hip remains reduced w/o subluxation; – spica cast: – may be used when reduction has narrow stable zone … Read more
– Discussion: – occurs when pressure in a muscle compartment is > pressure in the capillaries, which leads to progressive muscle ischemia and edema and left untreated can result in infarction of the compartment contents; – ischemia and necrosis of the muscles occur even though the arterial pressure is still high enough to produce … Read more
– Discussion: – AC arthritis or AC joint osteophytes can result in impingement and mechanical irritation to the rotator cuff tendons; – similar phenomenon can occur after displaced AC separations; – greater tuburosity fractures can cause impingement on the rotator cuff if the fragment rotates superiorly; – humeral neck … Read more
– Pathoanatomy: – osteophytosis occurs as result of breakdown in the out annular fibers of annulus fibrosis; – disk material stretching & displacing these fibers, causing stress at ligamentous attachments leading to formation of osteophytes; – osteophytes collects initially extend horizontally; … Read more
– Discussion: – palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve arises from radial border of median nerve approximately 5 to 6 cm proximal to distal transverse flexion crease of the wrist; – it runs along the median nerve for 2 to 3 cm, and then runs along the ulnar border of the flexor carpi … Read more
– See: – Intrinsic Muscles of the Hand – origin: each from the 2 metacarpal bones between which it inserts; – insertion: – proximal phalanges of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th digits & posterior expansion of the finger extensor tendons; – action: – 1st abducts index finger, … Read more
– Discussion: – distraction (or ligamentotaxis) is used to facilitate reduction of distal radius frx; – overdistraction will cause increased mid & proximal carpal joint space widening & resistance to passive flexion of finger tips to distal palm; – look for over distraction when proximal … Read more
– Discussion: – osteopetrosis is failure of osteoclastic and chondroclastic resorption; – bones become exceedingly dense; – marrow space is filled w/ unresorbed dense bone; – disease results from lack of osteoclastic resorption, leading to thickened bones & exclusion of marrow cavity; – there is absence of marrow elements & these patients are susceptible to … Read more
– Pathogenesis: – osteomyelitis occurs most frequently in the long bones of lower extremities, & to a lesser extent the upper extremities; – hematogenous osteomyelitis – pediatric bone circulation: tortuous course of nutrient vessels in bone causes bacteria to be trapped in the metaphysis; – epiphyseal plate prevents infection from entering the … Read more