origin: posterior tubercles of transverse processes of 4th, 5th, and 6th cervicals; insertion: lateral superior surfaces of 2nd rib behind attachment of Serratus Anterior; action: acting unilaterally, flexes and rotates cervical vertebrae; when acting bilaterally, flexes the neck and raises 2nd rib; nerve supply: posterior branches of C5 , C6 , C7, … Read more
– Discussion: (Innervation of the Leg and Foot) – arises from femoral nerve in femoral triangle and descends through it on lateral side of the femoral vessels to enter the adductor canal. – it crosses the vessels obliquely to lie on their medial side in front of lower end of adductor magnus muscle; – nerve continues its … Read more
– Clinical Manifestations: – may have fevers, rash, & iritis, which can resemble symptoms of JRA. – pulmonary dz, erythema nodosum, abdominal pain, liver enlargement, and perihilar adenopathy may also be present. – labs: elevated ACE serum level is considered to be the activity marker of the disease – … Read more
– Discussion: – type of open wedge innominate osteotomy which extends and retroverts acetabulum around fixed axis; – osteotomy redirects entire acetabulum so that its roof covers femoral head both anteriorly and superiorly; – extends and retroverts acetabulum around fixed axis; – in … Read more
– General Considerations: – safe zones for pin insertion imply that pins will avoid major neurovascular structures; – besides avoiding neurovascular strucutures, it is important that pins be inserted in subcutaneous locations; – subcutaneous insertion avoids muscular impalment which decreases pain and increases function; … Read more
– See: – Posterior Pelvic Injury: – Sacroiliac Fracture Dislocations: – Sacral Stress Fractures: – Anatomy of Sacrum: – Classification: – zone I: – frx across sacral ala can cause L5 nerve root impingement; – about 6% … Read more
– Safe zone for implant insertion: (from Caputo A) – note that the posterolateral portion of the radial head does not articulate with the ulna, and this is termed the safe zone (since hardware placed here will not enter the articulation); … Read more
– See: – Posterior Pelvic Injuries – Sacral Fractures – cresent fracture: (iliac fracture) – Fixation Techniques: – SI joint dislocation: posterior screw fixation: – Kellum et al 1987, unstable SI joint dislocations can produce long term pain in 60% that are treated non operatively … Read more
– See: neurological exam: – Discussion: – sacral segments must be carefully examined for sensation & motor power; – scaral sparing is evidenced by perianal sensation, rectal motor function, and great toe flexor activity; – in patient w/ an apparent complete neurologic injury, any sensory awareness distally or scant … Read more