Femur
Gluteus Maximus
– Anatomy: – origin: posterior gluteal line of the ilium, tendon of sacrospinalis, – dorsal surface of sacrum, coccyx and sacrotuberous ligament; – insertion: gluteal tuberosity of femur and iliotibial tract of fascia lata – it inserts partly into the … Read more
Gluteus Medius
– Anatomy: – origin: – outer surface of ilium from iliac crest and posterior gluteal line above to the anterior gluteal line below, gluteal aponeurosis; – note that posterior border of the gluteus medius is almost in line w/ femoral shaft; the anterior border fans anteriorly; … Read more
Gluteus Minimus
– origin: – outer surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines and margin of greater sciatic notch; – insertion: anterior border of greater trochanter; – action: – abducts femur at the hip and rotates it medially; – lateral pelvic stabilizer; … Read more
Giant-cell tumor of bone
– Discussion: – a common benign but locally aggressive lesion of unknown etiology; – occurs chiefly in men between 20-50 yrs (after epiphyseal closure); – tumor is expansile lytic lesion that involves the epiphysis & metaphysis; – tumor may enlarge to occupy most of epiphysis & adjacent metaphysis; … Read more
Genu Valgum
– Discussion: – bilateral angular deformity: common and is most often physiologic; – normal knee alignment progresses from 10-15 deg of varus at birth to maximal valgus angulation of 10-15 deg at age of 3-3.5 yrs; – neutral alignment: … Read more
Gaucher’s Disease
Discussion – in 1882, Gaucher described idiopathic hypertrophy of spleen w/o leukemia; – results from autosomal recessive deficiency of lysosomal enzyme glucocerebrosidase (b-glucosidase), which ordinarily destoys the lipid material; – it is the most common genetic lysosomal storage disorder; – results in accumulation of of glucocerebroside in retinuloendothelia cells; – bone involvement is … Read more
Gemellus Superior and Inferior
– See: external rotators of the hip: Origin: the outer surface of the spine of the ischium Insertion: the posterior medial surface of the greater trochanter on the femur; Action: external rotation of the femur at the hip; Nerve Supply: sacral plexus, L5, S1, S2; (see innervation) Synergists: piriformis, obturator externus, obturator internus, quadratus femoris, … Read more
Ganz Osteotomy for DDH
– See: DDH – Discussion: – indicated for residual dysplasias in adolescents and young adults; – allows both anterior and lateral rotation as well as medialization of the hip; – can expect good improvement in the center edge angle (avg correction of 31 deg); – does not … Read more
Garden I & II: Diagnosis and Treatment
– See: Garden Alignment Index – Garden I: – incomplete or impacted fracture, in which the trabeculae of the inferior neck are still intact; – femoral head is tilted in a posterolateral direction, causing vaglus angulation at the frx site; – non surgical treatment: – … Read more