– Discussion: – heterogeneous group of intrinsic dysplasias characterized by x-ray changes in the metaphysesof the short and long tubular bones (epiphyses remains normal); – defect appears to lie in proliferative & hypertrophic zones of physis; – hypercalcemia is common; – diff dx: … Read more
– Discussion: – for evaluation of both the patella and trochlea surfaces of femur; – disadvantages: – this view does not necessarily predict which patients will show functional improvements w/ surgical realignment; – as pointed out by O’Neil (1997) some patients … Read more
– Discussion: – semilunar cartilages are extensions of tibial articulation of knee; – w/o menisci, tibial articulation is incongruous with the femur; – microscopic features – vascular anatomy – anatomy: – medial meniscus – bucket handle meniscus tear – posterior horn tears of medial meniscus – lateral meniscus – discoid meniscus – ref: A Quantitative … Read more
– See: – blood supply for femoral head; – external rotators of the hip – Discussion: – MFCA supplies majority of blood supply to femoral head; – branches of MFCA enter capsule of hip joint near its distal insertion and couse proximally along femoral neck toward … Read more
– Discussion: – optimal age for the medial approach: – is of more value in the child younger than 18 months but older than 7 months; – when this procedure is used in infants younger than 7 months, there may be a higher risk of AVN, but some authors feel that the risk of AVN … Read more
– Discussion: – pts knee is acutely and forcibly flexed; – to check the medial meniscus examiner palpates posteromedial margin of joint with one hand while grasping the foot w/ other hand; – keeping the knee completely flexed, the leg is externally rotated as far as possible and then the knee … Read more
– See: Biomechanical Role: – Discussion: – ACL tears most often occur during football and basketball in younger patients, and occur most often from skiing injuries in older patients; – substantial anterior tibial shear forces that stress ACL are produced from quadriceps contraction, esp in 0-30 deg of extension; … Read more
– See: – Arteriography – Arterial Trauma – Compartment Syndrome – Knee Dislocation – Popliteal Artery – Reperfusion Injury – Discussion: – note that the worst error to make is to underestimate the need to … Read more
– Discussion: – see flexion and extension gaps: – quantification of joint line malposition: – joint line position lies about 3 cm distal to the medial femoral epicondyle and 15 mm above the fibular head; – if the opposite knee has … Read more
– Discussion: – malleolar screws with cortex thread, shaft & trocar tip have limited use in the metaphyseal area, distal humerus, trochanteric area, & sometimes in the ankle, where the bone is rather dense; – malleolar scew has a smooth shaft and is partially threaded; – … Read more