– Lateral Approach: – incision is made directly lateral in thigh & thru midpoint of lateral condyle distally, staying anterior to proximal insertion of LCL; – proximal exposure: – incision is extended as necessary for diaphyseal involvement of the supracondylar frx; – … Read more
– Discussion: – see: lag screw theory: – when the fibular fracture is sufficiently oblique, is not comminuted, and is not osteoporotic, then sufficient fixation can be achieved w/ only two lag screws; – the oblique fracture should be longer than 2x diameter of bone inorder for … Read more
– See: Screw Menu – Discussion: – involves placement of one or more screws across a frx or osteotomy site to achieve interfragmentary compression; – note that the direction along which the compression acts (inclination of lag screw) must coincide well w/ perpendicular axis of the fracture surface; … Read more
– See: – Anterior Cruciate Ligament – Anterolateral Rotatory Instability – Clunk Test – Losee Test – Pivot shift – Discussion: – this is a variant of the anterior drawer test, in which the examination is carried out … Read more
– Discussion: – self limiting avasulcar necrosis of the navicular; – usually unilateral and affects children, most often boys; – onset is at age 4 in boys and age 5 in girls; – navicular is subjected to repetitive compressive forces during wt bearing which may be a … Read more
– Discussion: – allows access to midtarsal, subtalar, & ankle joints; – disadvantages: – skin may slough about margins of the incision, especially if dislocation of ankle is a part of the case (as in talectomy); – further the peroneal tendons must … Read more
– See: Ilizarov Technique – Discussion: – advantages: – allows arthrodesis in presence of active infection; – external fixation is adjustable; – allows access to the soft tissues; – leaves no longstanding foreign … Read more
– See: – Rolling and Gliding Mechanism: – Gait: – Discussion: – bones forming joint are femur, tibia, & patella; – two femurs converge toward the knee and each tibia is nearly vertical, femur & tibia meet angle of some 5-12 deg; … Read more
(see also: Physical Exam; Radiographs) ACL Anatomy of the Knee Anteromedial Rotatory Instability Anterolateral Rotatory Instability Arcuate Ligament Complex Arthrofibrosis Arthroscopy of the Knee Arthrodesis Articular Cartilage Baker’s Cyst Bipartite Patella Blood Supply Blount’s Disease Bursitis Capsule Chondral Injuries of the Knee Chondromalacia Diff Dx Discoid Meniscus Dislocations of the Knee Extensor Mechanism Injuries of … Read more
– Discussion: – most of knee capsule is formed by tendons & their expansions; – anteriorly, tendon of Quads, patella & ligamentum patellae, supplemented by expansion of iliotibial band, serve as capsular ligament; – Posterior Capsule: – thin capsule extends from level immediately above the femoral condyles to posterior border of upper tibia; – its central … Read more