– See: – Anterior Subluxation: – Ligamentous Instability: – Discussion: – the flexed view is usually most helpful in detecting ligamentous injury that is not apparent on the neutral view – determines the integrity of the supporting soft tissues and ligaments, as well as the … Read more
– Discussion: – results from a defect is somatic mutation in the gene coding for alpha subunit of Gs, the G protein that stimulates cAMP formation; – overproduction of cAMP, causes overexpression of c-fos, which regulates proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts; – results in … Read more
– Discussion: (see cartilage menu and articular cartilage) – see tendon metaplasia to fibrocartilage; – fibrocartilage is composed of bundles of thick clearly defined collagen fibers, along w/ intervening unicellular islands of cartilage arranged in small chains; – it has moderate proteoglycans but low content of glycosaminoglycans (2% of dry weight). … Read more
– Presentation: – shortened first toe is characteristic in fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva; – recognition of this consistent foot deformity can help in the early diagnosis; – torticollis is common; – Radiographs: – see ossification of soft tissue: – ossification, which occurs in the fascia and … Read more
– Discussion: – advantages of femoral shaft reaming: – avoids potential mis-sizing of nail diameter (which can occur when non-reamed nails are inserted); – reaming may carry bone graft particulate into the fracture site; – faster union may be achieved in … Read more
– See: Arcuate Complex – Anatomy: – arcuate & fabellogibular ligaments insert on apex of fibular styloid process & ascends vertically to lateral head of gastrocnemius, where they merge w/ by posterior termination of oblique popliteal ligament; – arcuate ligament is firmly adherent to underlying musculotendinous … Read more
– See: – Bilateral InterFacet Dislocation – Hyperflexion Injuries – Unilateral Facet Dislocation: – Discussion: – frequently missed in acute cervical spine trauma; (oblique radiograph views are important here); – lateral mass frx is considered to be extension rotational injury; – flexion of … Read more
– Discussion: – recurrent rotator cuff tear: – ref: Mode of failure for rotator cuff repair with suture anchors identified at revision surgery – deltoid injury: – may occur from axillary nerve palsy or from avulsion of deltoid off the acromion; – consider … Read more
– Discussion: – is transmitted as an autosomal dominant condition; – most patients show relatively slow progression of weakness involving primarily muscles of facial expression & proximal upper limbs; – whistling and sucking thru straw may be impossible, & patients cannot fully bury their eyelashes when they close their … Read more
– Anatomy: – external rotators of thigh include (from superior to inferior) – Piriformis – conjoined tendons: – Gemellus Superior – Obturator Internus … Read more