– Discussion: – there are three types of cells intimately associated with bone: osteocytes, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts; – osteocytes dwell in small lacunae within the bone matrix; – they are oval in cross section, their longest diameter being roughly parallel to the lamellae of mature bone; … Read more
– Discussion: – metastatic breast disease survival averages 34 months; – avg life expectancy w/ metastatic disease to bone is > 18 months; – Radiographs: – permeative destructive lesions of bone; – permeative destruction of the proximal femur is the most common type of destruction leading to … Read more
– Discussion – see: Bone Tumor Menu – Types of Metastatic Carcinoma: – breast cancer – renal cell ca – prostatic cancer – lung carcinoma – thyroid cancer: – may cause heavy bleeding if disturbed (consider need for embolization prior to biopsy … Read more
– Discussion: – heterogeneous group of intrinsic dysplasias characterized by x-ray changes in the metaphysesof the short and long tubular bones (epiphyses remains normal); – defect appears to lie in proliferative & hypertrophic zones of physis; – hypercalcemia is common; – diff dx: … Read more
* EFA deficiency: * Hyper Vitamin A & D; * Fluid Over Load: (See CHF) * Hypercholemic Metabolic Acidosis: from excessive Cl from IV or from amino acid solutions (as HCL salts – more common in children or patients w/ decrease renal f(x) ); * Hypercalcemia / Hypo Ca * Hypoglycemia: May occassionally … Read more
– Carpal Tunnel Syndrome – Combined Lesions of the Median and Ulnar Nerves: – High Median Nerve Lesions – Low Median Nerve Lesions – Median Nerve Block – Median Nerve Injuries at the Wrist – Martin Gruber Anastomosis – Anatomy: – roots: C6, C7, C8, and T1 (? C5) – brachial plexus – cords: – … Read more
– Discussion: – demonstrates the middle and posterior facet of sub-talar joint; – taken with the foot dorsiflexed, inverted, and internally rotated 60 deg; – Broden described a similar projection w/ limb internally rotated 45 deg; – he recommended taking 4 exposures with the … Read more
– Anatomy: – humeral origin of MCL lies posterior to axis of elbow flexion, creating cam effect; – hence, anterior fibers are stressed in extension & posterior fibers are stressed in flexion; – anterior oblique, posterior oblique ligament, & small transverse ligament are 3 major portions of the … Read more
– Discussion: – typical mechanism of injury is head on motor vehicle collision while wearing a seat belt; – force exerted on spine is pure distraction owing to fulcrum that is anterior to vertebral body; – this is imposed by the lap seat belt as the … Read more
– Discussion: – mechanical axis refers to the angle formed by a line drawn from the center of the femoral head to the medial tibial spine and a line drawn from the medial tibial spine and the center of the ankle joint; – this should not be confused w/ the wt … Read more