– Discussion: – serratus anterior arises from upper eight ribs, inserts on vertebral border of scapula, is innervated by long thoracic nerve, and functions to draw scapula forward in sports such as a jab in boxing; – paralysis produces characteristic prominence (“medial winging”) of vertebral border of the scapula; … Read more
– See: – septic arthritis – general orders and treatment – Discussion: – septic arthritis of the hip is a surgical emergency; – it is essential that dx be made ASAP to prevent joint damage; – if any pus is obtained from arthrotomy, … Read more
– Diff Dx: – reactive transient synovitis (toxic synovitis) – in the report by Kocher MS et al., the authors sought to distinguish transient synovitis vs sepsis on the basis of lab data and patient history; – independent clinical predictors between … Read more
origin: C7 and T1-T6 thoracic transverse processes and articular processes of 4th, 5th, and 6th cervical vertebrae; insertion: between superior and inferior nuchal lines of the occipital; action: extnesion of lateral flexion of the neck and head, and rotates it to the opposite side; nerve supply: posterior rami of the cervial nerves; synergists: splenius group, … Read more
– Discussion: – origin: transverse processes of the first to sixth thoracic, articular processes of the 4th to 7th cervical vertebrae; – insertion: spinous processes of 2nd to 5th cervical vertebrae; – action: – acting bilaterally, extension and hyperextension of the cervical spine; – acting unilaterally, lateral flexion of the neck and head; – synergists: … Read more
origin: the transverse process of the 6th to 10 Thoracic vertebrae; insertion: the spinous process of the 1st to 4th thoracic and 6th-7th cervical vertebrae; action: extends the spine and rotates it toward the opposite side; nerve supply: posterior rami of the thoracic nerves, T1 to T6; synergists: Longissimus Thoracis , Iliocostalis thoracis, Spinalis … Read more
– See: Treatment based on King et al Algorithm – Discussion: – fusion mass needs to include distal vertebra of structural curve; – if a more distal vertebra appears rotated in the same direction as more cephalad vertebrae, it should be included in the fusion mass; – arthrodesis should … Read more
– See: – Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate – Osteomyeltis of the Spine – Discussion: – sed rate is useful in diagnosis of vertebral osteomyelitis & to monitor progression of or recovery from infection; – w/ diskitis, sed rate will be elevated in 85-100 % of both adults & … Read more
– Discussion: – by definition juvenile scoliosis develops before age 10; – majority of idiopathic curvatures are right thoracic curves; – left thoracic scoliosis is unusual; – clinically, juvenile scoliosis shows slow progression prior to age 10, but after age 10 rapid progression may be found; … Read more