– Discussion: – physical properties – state in body fluids – physiologic roles of calcium are well established; – abnormally low concentrations of Ca permit spontaneous discharges of both sensory & motor fibers in peripheral nerves, leading to tetany; – w/ elevated levels, … Read more
– See: – Burns of the Hand – Chemical Burns – Electrical Burns – Frost Bite – Initial Management: – trauma management: – patients require a generalized trauma assessment w/ all clothing removed; – determine nature of the burn (flame, chemical, electrical); … Read more
– Discussion: – proximal tibiofibular joint will prevent valgus correction unless fibula is shortened or tibiofibular ligaments are removed; – transection if tibiofibular ligamets: (preferred technique) – performed thru same incision as for osteotomy; – proximal tibiofibular joint capsule is disrupted … Read more
Discussion deer tick (Ixodes) borne spirochetal infection leading to widespread symptoms; in U.S. Lyme disease is most prevalent in areas with heavy deer population (North East); life cycle includes larval, nymph, and adult (with the nymphal stage transmitting bacteria); infection is due to Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes; contains several outer surface proteins that allow organism to … Read more
– Discussion: – a hamartomatous enlargement of soft tissue & underlying bone; – can be static, growing commensurately w/ hand, or progressive, growing faster than the rest of the hand; – involvement in the hand is more common than involvement in the foot; – “nerve territory-oriented macrodactyly”: … Read more
– See: – Bunnel Test for Intrinsic Tightness: – Extensor Mechanism of Digits – Lumbrical Muscle Sheaths – Lumbical Plus Finger: – Origin: – tendons of FDP tendon in center of palm, just proximal to the flexor sheath and the A1 … Read more
– See: Lumbar Plexus: – Anatomy: – lumbosacral plexus is derived from L4, L5, S1, S2, S3 & S4 roots, each giving rise to anterior and posterior branches; – anterior branches supply flexor muscles of limb, & posterior branches supply extensor and abductor muscles; – superior gluteal nerve (L4 … Read more
– See: – Burst Fractures – Lumbar vertebrae: – Discussion: – typical injury pattern for burst frxs varies w/ anatomic level; – L1 to L3 pedicles are frequently comminuted or detached; – L4 to L5 frx usually present a consistent pattern: … Read more
– Anatomy: – primary ventral rami of five lumbar nerves and of first four sacral nerves combine to form the lumbar (L1, L2, L3, L4) & lumbosacral (L4, L5, S1, S2, S3, S4) plexuses, each giving rise to anterior and posterior branches; – anterior branches supply flexor … Read more
– Discussion: – spinal stensosis is a narrowing of the lumbar spinal canal and/or neural foramina; – results in compression of the cauda equina and lumbar nerve roots, producing neural root ischemia and neurogenic claudication; – compression of neural structures also compresses vascular supply of nerves so that symptoms are predominately those of … Read more