– See: General Discussion – Hyperparathyroidism – incidence of hip frx is about 10%; – in younger pts with good bone stock, consider ORIF; – in elderly pts consider primary THR; – note, however, when when hyperparathyroidism occurs as a consequence of renal … Read more
– Discussion: – osteoarthritis represents a gradual processes of destruction & regeneration; – early in dz, articular cartilage loses its glistening appearance; – later on surface layers flake off while deeper layers develop longitudinal fissures, process termed fibrillation; – cartilage becomes thin and sometimes denuded; – … Read more
– Discussion: – combination of genetic and environmental factors in its etiology; – an important early event may result from the interaction of antigen presenting macrophages w/ T cells (helper/inducer); – HLA-D allele DR4 is associated w/ RA patients; – although clinical laboratories measure IgM rheumatoid factor, … Read more
– Discussion: – AC arthritis or AC joint osteophytes can result in impingement and mechanical irritation to the rotator cuff tendons; – similar phenomenon can occur after displaced AC separations; – greater tuburosity fractures can cause impingement on the rotator cuff if the fragment rotates superiorly; – humeral neck … Read more
– See: Congential Clubfoot Menu: – Clinical Anatomy: – affected limb may be shortened, calf muscle is atrophic, and foot is short compared to opposite side; – medial rotation of tibia; – joints: – ankle and subtalar joints are in fixed equinus; … Read more
– See: Impediments to Reduction – Discussion: – dislocated femoral head: – femoral head and neck remain anteverted and in the valgus position; – is pulled proximally & laterally by hip abductors; – becomes misshapen & flattened; … Read more
– Pathoanatomy: – osteophytosis occurs as result of breakdown in the out annular fibers of annulus fibrosis; – disk material stretching & displacing these fibers, causing stress at ligamentous attachments leading to formation of osteophytes; – osteophytes collects initially extend horizontally; … Read more
– Discussion: – typically involves palmar aponeurosis and digital prolongation (not superficial transverse ligament) in palm; – involves lateral digital sheet, Grayson’s lig (not Cleland’s lig), pretendinous bands, natatory ligament, & spiral bands in digits; – typically digits develop central (pretendinous) & spiral cords; … Read more
– History: 1963 – Maurizio described the association of patellar tendonitis with jumping 1973 – Blazina, et al. coined the term “jumper’s knee” 1978 – Mariani, et al. and Roels, et al. widened the term “jumper’s knee” to include pathology of the patellar tendon at the tibial tuberosity 1986 … Read more
– See: Subluxation of the Patella – Fulkerson Classification: – type I, subluxation alone; – type II, subluxation and tilt; – type III, tilt alone; – type IV, no malalignment; – Clinical Presentation: – anterior knee pain with a tight, … Read more