– See: – Proximal Frx – Distal Frx – Rotational Alignment – Deforming Forces: – muscular forces deform the femur after fracture; – abductor muscles: – abducts proximal femur following subtrochanteric & high proximal shaft fractures; – psoas: – proximal 1/3 frx of shaft are also … Read more
– Discussion: – impediments to reduction: – incarcerated bony fragments which remain attached to lisfranc ligament; – entrapped anterior tibial tendon may occur in the case of a laterally dislocated first metatarsal (homolateral); – key to reduction: … Read more
– Radiographs: – rarely long posterior spike of distal fragment is comminuted; – Fracture Characteristics: – w/ supination external rotation frx, spiral oblique frx usually begins in almost transverse plane distally on anterior surface of the fibula at or just above level of plafond; – it spirals externally, w/ frx exiting … Read more
origin: anterior surface of the lateral mass of the atlas and the root of its transverse process; insertion: the inferior surface of the occipital bone anterior to the foreamen magnum; action: aids in flexion of the head and the neck; nerve supply: C1, C2; synergists: Sternocleidomastoid, Longus Colli, Longus Capitis
– See Quads – Origin: – Straight Head: Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine – Reflected Head: Groove on upper brim of acetabulum; – Insertion: Upper border of patella by the ligamentum patella into tibia tuberosity; – Reversed origin-insertion action: Flexes the pelvis on the femur and gives anterior stabilization to the pelvis; … Read more
– Discussion: – normally separates from the anterior tibial artery as it perforates the interosseous foramen; – this branch heads superiorly and in the direction of patellar tendon, supplying the skin overlying patellar tendon, – supplies the anterior aspect of the knee, the superior tibiofibular joint, and the lateral condyle of the … Read more
origin: anterior surface of the lateral mass of the atlas and the root of its transverse process; insertion: the inferior surface of the occipital bone anterior to the foreamen magnum; action: aids in flexion of the head and the neck; nerve supply: C1, C2; synergists: Sternocleidomastoid, Longus Colli, Longus Capitis
– origin: superior surfaces of the transverse processes of the atlas; – insertion: inferior surface of the jugular process of the occipital bone; – action: aids in lateral flexion of the head on the neck; – nerve supply: C1, C2; – synergists: Longus Capitis, Longissimus Capitis, Semispinalis capitis
origin: from the lateral process of the axis; insertion: the lateral part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface of the bone immediately inferior to the line; action: extends the head and rotates it to the same side; nerve supply: a branch of the dorsal ramus of the suboccipital nerve; synergists: Rectus Capitis … Read more
– origin: the tubercle on the posterior arch of the atlas; – insertion: the medial part of the inferior nuchal line of the occipital bone and the surface between it and the foramen magnum; – action: extends the head at the neck; – nerve supply: a branch of the dorsal primary division of the suboccipital nerve; … Read more