Data Trace Editor – Discussion: – local or Split compression frx have centrally depressed fragments; – AVN is diagnosed when serial X-ray show a gradual shrinking of the eleveated fragments until a defect remains; – surgically elevated articular fragments always are avascular; – fortunately most elevated frags regain vascularity before they … Read more
– Discussion: – prognosis: – perhaps the cause of the AVN in the most prognostic feature of whether or not core decompression will work; – an alcoholic who has 100% abstained from drinking might fare better than a transplant patient who requires continuous steroids; – bone grafting: – some type of bone grafting should … Read more
Discussion HTN from bladder or bowel distension or from renal calculi; sensitivity to succinyl choline (hyperkalemia) increase susceptibility to pulmonary edema; can follow upper and lower spinal cord injuries; related to bladder overdistension or fecal impaction and manifests as with pounding HA, (from severe hypertension), anxiety, profuse head and neck sweating, nasal obstruction, and blurred vision; … Read more
– PR interval is increased; ( > 0.2 sec); * 1st Degree AV block: > 0.2 sec & P, QRS, T interval is normal * 2nd Degree: Wenckebach: – QRS dropped w/ PR lengthening; – decr RR interval (usual w/ concomitant A. fib) – may be caused by Verapamil, Digitalis, & Propanolol; – may arise … Read more
Discussion oral hypoglycemic agent which allows once a day dosing; usual dose is 4 mg PO qd but 8 mg PO qd is required in some cases;
– See: – Frx Dislocations of the Hip – Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head – Discussion: – overall incidence between 5-40%; – if reduction is performed w/in 6 hours, incidence of AVN will be less than 10%; – in the study by McKee, et … Read more
– See: AVN in Adults – Discussion: – results from forced attempts at reduction and subsequent disruption of the blood supply to the growing femoral head; – is reported to occur in 6-30% of patients undergoing closed reduction, but in some series the incidence can be as high … Read more
– See: A. Fib – Discussion: – atrial flutter may be assoc w/ sick sinus syndrome, hypoxia, Pericarditis, valvular heart dz, and less commonly, acute myocardial infarction; – orginates in a single atrial ectopic focus; – flutter waves occur in rapid succession & are identical; – flutter waves have “saw tooth” appearance & do not … Read more
P wave > 2.5 mm & > 0.12 sec; —————- -Left Atrial Enlargement; Duration: 120 msec (3 small squ in lead II) __/ __ Look for notch; / Amplitude: Negative terminal P wave in Lead V1 > 1mm / in depth and > 40 msec (one small square); —————— – Right Atrial Enlargement; / Amplitude: … Read more
fingings may include osteopenia at frx site & absence of callus; potential for healing is significantly diminished; these require bone grafting & enhanced fixation; Treatment fracture ends of atrophic non union may need to be opened & debrided; typically these fractures will require bone grafting debridement of bone ends may be indicated in atrophic non … Read more