Ortho Oracle - orthopaedic operative atlas

Histology of Ewing’s Sarcoma

– Discussion:     – small, round, neoplastic cells w/ large oval hyperchromatic nuclei;     – vague indistinct (scant) cytoplasm & cytoplasmic membrane;     – cells are usually spread out in thick sheets;     – mitoses are common, and pseudorosette patterns are typical.     – high cellularity, little intracellular stroma;   … Read more

Histology of Chondroblastoma

– Discussion:     – shows characteristic “cobblestone” pattern;     – areas of round, plump chondroblasts (stones), enmeshed in chondroid matrix;     – nodular areas of a chondroid tissue are prominent;     – cartilagenous matrix may have small foci of calcification between between chondroblasts (chicken wire calcification) around islands of cartilage;     … Read more

Histology and Growth of Bone

  Microscopic Structure of Bone   Cancellous Bone   Circumferential Grouth   Haversian System   Longitudinal Growth   Development of Bone from a Cartilage Model   Tubulation

Histological Features of Myopathy

– Discussion:     – individual fibers are affected in random fashion throughout the muscle;     – muscle fibers become rounded, will vary in size;     – nuclei frequently migrate centrally;     – may see phagocytosis of individual cells;     – unlike neuropathic disease, in myopathy, active regeneration of fibers is … Read more

Histological Features of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone

– Discussion:     – numerous multinucleated giant cells, proliferative stroma, areas of necrosis, reactive peripheral bone, & occassional mitotic figures in the            stroma (but no mitotic figures in the giant cells);     – stromal cells appear elongate with oval nuclei;     – giant cells may resemble osteoclasts; – Histologic Differential Dx:   … Read more

Histological Characteristics of Aneurysmal Bone Cyst

– Discussion:     – mixture of benign stromal tissue     – large vascular lacunae separated by septa in which numerous giant cells are found & & filled with clotted blood (blood-filled               spaces with bland fibrous connective tissue septa) that  resembles cranberry sauce;               – cavernous spaces vessel lack walls & … Read more

Histologic Changes in Rickets

– Medullary bone: – decreased in quantity, & trabecula are thin & irregular; – feature that most sig helps to establish the dx is presence of layer of unmineralized bone (osteoid seam) surrounding mineralized segment; – trabeculae & cortex have less bone, & is surrounded by a layer of unmineralized bone (osteoid seam) – osteoid seams; … Read more

Hip Spica Cast

– See: Pediatric Femoral Frx Menu – Discussion:     – timing:            – Immediate single-leg spica cast for pediatric femoral diaphysis fractures.     – contraindications:            – unacceptable shortening or angulation;            – open fractures;            – thoracic or intra-abdominal trauma;     … Read more