Data Trace Editor – Discussion: – see: limb development and physeal anatomy; – leg length discrepancy leads to awkward gait, & pelvic obliquity. – treatment of limb length inequality, requires an ability to predict leg length discrepancy at skeletal maturity; – differential diagnosis of limb length inequality – … Read more
– See: Methods to Etimate Growth Potenital – Arrest of the Growth Plate / Epiphysiodesis: – disruption of contra-lateral (normal) distal femora or proximal tibial growth plates is indicated when future discrepancies are < 5.1 cm at maturity; – references: – Closed shortening of the femur … Read more
– See: – Flexion and Extension Views – SCIWORA Syndrome: – Anterior Ligamentous Disruption: – detected by presence of small anteroinferior avulsions and segmental disc widening; – ligaments include: anterior longitudinal ligament & Annulus fibrosus; – w/ complete cervical dislocation from anterior ligament failure, more stable internal … Read more
– Discussion: – the ligaments of Humphrey and Wrisberg are meniscofemoral ligaments which run from the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus to the lateral aspect of the medial femoral condyle; – these ligaments are named based on their location in relation to the PCL; … Read more
– Volar Wrist Ligaments: – ligaments of wrist are most highly developed on palmar side of wrist; – palmar wrist ligaments originate laterally from radial styloid, & are directed in a distal ulnar direction; – intrinsic ligaments: – radial ligaments arise on palmar facet of radial styloid passing on to capitate; – ulnar sided intrinsic … Read more
– Local Anesthetic Actions – Systemic Actions: – see: class I cardiac agents – for management of ventricular ectopy ( >5 PVC/min or any PVC after acute MI) including VT & V Fib; – initial bolus: – given as a bolus of 1 mg/kg (50-100mg) initially; – additional boluses of 0.5 mg/kg are given subsequently … Read more
See: – Biomechanics of ACL: – Effects of Immobilization: – immobilization significantly decreases strength and energy-absorbing capacity of rabbit bone-ligament-bone preparations; – effect is most obvious at the ligament-bone junction; – under conditions of stress deprivation, there is increased osteoclastic activity at the junctional region of … Read more
Case Example by Dr. James R. Urbaniak MD – Discussion: – indicated for patients with basal joint arthritis or CMC instability; – LRTI involves partial or complete resection of the trapezium and recreation of the palmar oblique ligament using the distally based radial half of FCR to reconstruct ligamentous support for the metacarpal; – … Read more
– See: Tibial Plateau Frx Menu, Rim Fractures – Ligaments: – 60% of plateau frx will have ligamentous instability; – MCL accounted for 55%, LCL injuries for 22%, & combined cruciate & collateral injuries for 23% of lesions. – these may have poor prognosis; – Exam: – w/ isolated … Read more
origin: transverse process of 1st 4 cervical vertebrae insertion: vertebral border of scapula between superior medial angle and scapular spine; action: elevates scapula to inferiorly rotate glenoid cavity; working with the upper Trapezius , elevates and adducts scapula; reversed origin insertion action: when scapula is fixed, laterally flexes and slightly rotates cervical spine; nerve supply: dorsal … Read more