Data Trace Editor – Associated with Inferior infarction – R.A.D. – usually associatted with an MI – Normal or Slightly widened QRS – S1 (small R in I), small Q3 – Note: Post HemiB may be associatted w/ R.B.B.B.; (may lead to AV blocks: Mobitz II) – Note: Lateral Infarction may cause R.A.D. – Must r/o: – Slender … Read more
– Discussion: – posterior horn of the medial meniscus is difficult structure to view w/ arthroscope, esp in very tight joints with little valgus laxity; – Positioning: Valgus Stress to the Slightly Flexed Knee: – valgus stress applied to slightly flexed knee (no > 10 deg) combined w/ external rotation of tibia … Read more
– Discussion: – branch of the Axillary Artery – largery than AHCA. – passes around the posterior astpect of the surgical neck of the humerus with the Axillary nerve (thru quadrangular space ); – runs w/ the nerve around the humerus under the Deltoid muscle Anatomy of … Read more
– See: Posterior Cruciate Ligament: – Discussion: – unlike the ACL, the PCL does have a capacity to heal; – references: – Chronically injured posterior cruciate ligament: Magnetic resonance imaging. – Magnetic resonance imaging of posterior cruciate ligament injuries: assessment of healing. – The natural history of … Read more
– Femoral Tunnel: – goal is to re-create the large anterolateral band of the PCL, which tightens in flexion; – see anatomy of PCL – cortical entry site: – small skin incision is made w/in Langer’s lines, which overlies the vastus medialis oblique insertion into … Read more
– Graft Selection: – bone patella bone allograft or achilles tendon allograft; – if achilles tendon is used, the free end is secured w/ a locked whip stitch (Krackow stitch); – in the report by Fanelli et al. 1996, there was no disadvantage … Read more
– Tibial Tunnel: – saftey measures: – surgeons who do not perform this operation frequently should use flouroscopy for this tunnel; – apply Jacobs chuck for a preset distance on the guidewire to make it less likely for the wire to pass … Read more
– Discussion: – typically the posterior column remains intact w/ a burst frx; – w/ severe injury, anterior angulation may damage posterior ligamentous ligament complex, creating an unstable burst frx; – w/ further axial loading, inferior facets of upper vertebrae wedge apart superior facets and pedicles of the fractured … Read more
– Discussion: – larger than the anterior and middle facets and is convex in shape; – tarsal canal separates the posterior facet from the anterior and middle facets; – Radiographs: – medial oblique axial view: – demonstrates middle & post facets of sub-talar joint; … Read more
– Discussion: – Anatomy and Function of PCL: – mechanism of injury: – fall on a flexed knee with plantar flexed ankle; – associated injuries: – ACL and collateral ligament injury (knee dislocation); – when PCL injury occurs w/ MCL … Read more