– See: Anatomy of C1 / C2 – Discussion: – classically described as a 4 part burst frx of the atlas, w/ combined anterior and posterior arch fractures; – frx variants: include two and three part fractures; – pediatric frx: – frx … Read more
– See: – Occipital-Atlanto-Axial Anomalies: – Anatomy of C1 / C2 – Discussion: – more common children, since the pediatric occipital condyles are small and almost horizontal & lack inherent stability; – this injury is usually but not invariably fatal 2nd to respiratory arrest caused by injury … Read more
– See: Nerve Entrapment – Discussion: – cubital tunnel serves as major contraint for the ulnar nerve as it passes behind elbow; – the syndrome occurs most commonly between 30 to 60 years, and is exceptionally uncommon in children under 15 years; – inciting events: – symptoms may appear several years after trauma (hence tardy … Read more
– See: Baumann’s Angle – Discussion: – cubitus varus is the most common complication following supracondylar frx, – orginally, etilogy of cubitus varus was thought to occur because of growth disturbance of distal humeral epiphysis; – this may be true but is uncommon; … Read more
– Facial Fractures and Upper Airway Injuries: – in pts with major frxs of the mandible and maxilla (Lefort III) in whom massive edema has yet to occur, oral intubation is preferred, and if required is usually easily accomplished; – blind nasal intubation following major facial injury is discouraged because of … Read more
– Discussion: – decreased neck shaft angle from defect in ossification of femoral neck; – it is bilateral in 1/3 to 1/2 of cases; – it can be congenital (noted at birth & differenitated from CDH by MRI), developmental (AD-progressive), or acquired (trauma, LCP, SCFE) – Differential Dx: … Read more
– See: – Pressure Irrigation – Topical Agents and Antiseptics – Management: – antibiotic bead pouch: – after stabilization has been completed, osseous defects may be filled w/ antibiotic-impregnated methylmethacrylate beads; – these are made by the mixing … Read more
– Discussion: – occurs due to failure of union between medial & lateral ossification centers of clavicle; – involve the right clavicle most often (when left side is involved, look for dextrocardia); – birth trauma plays no role in this condition, and this condition is not associated w/ neurofibromatosis; … Read more
– Atraumatic Compression Frx: – diff Dx: – osteoporosis – osteomalacia – pagets disease – multiple myeloma; … Read more
– Acute Complications of ORIF of Distal Radius Fractures: – median, radial or ulnar sensory neuropathy; – acute and late carpal tunnel syndrome; – loss of reduction – deformity – decreased motion – arthritis … Read more