– See: – Glutamine – Arginine – Nitrogen Balance = Nitrogen Input – Nitrogen Output Nitrogen Out = (Urinary Urea * 0.85) + 4 gm/dl – Nitrogen Balance can be calculated by the Kjeldahl technique, or urea content can be measured and the result / 0.85; Nitrogen content of the TPN solution = … Read more
– Dicussion: – a thickened and wafer shaped lateral meniscus varient; – discoid meniscus may range from complete disc to a ring shaped meniscus; – occurs in upto 5% of population (but only a % of these are symptomatic) (prevalence may be higher in orientals (15%)); – … Read more
– See: Puncture of the Knee Joint – Discussion: – non-bloody effusion suggests an irrative synovitis that may be caused by degenerative meniscusor a chronic process with no super imposed acute injury; – absence of hemarthrosis is not indication of less severe ligament injury, since severe disruptions often cause only minimal joint … Read more
– Discussion: – glenohumeral arthritis; – look for the characteristic osteophyte at the inferior aspect of the humeral head; – nerve palsy: – w/ atrophy of both the supraspinatus and infraspinatus, consider obtaining an MRI of the shoulder, to evaluate for space … Read more
– Systemic conditions: (may mimic ulnar entrapment syndrome at elbow) – Syringomyelia – Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis – Entrapment of the ulnar nerve distally at the wrist (Guyon’s canal) – Snapping Elbow Syndrome: – syndrome which has yet to be fully described, in which … Read more
– See: Diff Dx of Shoulder Pain – Diff Dx: – C5-C6 lesion – suprascapular nerve palsy – biceps tendon rupture – biceps tendonitis – calcific tendinitis: – traumatic tear of
div class=”mh-row clearfix”> h1>/h1> div class=”bodycopy”> hr size=”3″/> (See a href=”/orthopaedics/siadh-criteria/”>Criteria, SIADH/a> -Oat cell ca -Pancreatic ca -Duodenal adeno -Brain tumor -Brain trauma -Meningitis -Pneumonia/TB -Chlorpropamide -Clofibrate -Vincristine -Carbamazepine -Narcotics -Tricyclics -TPN /div>br/>hr/>br/>br/> /div>
– See: Uremic Bleeding: Increased: Renal Failure/Oliguria Shock Hypovolemia: (BUN/Cr ratio > 20) CHF Shock GI bleeding Stress/Heavy Exercise Meds (Aminoglycosides); Decreased: Overhydration Starvation Liver failure Pregnancy, Nephrotic syndrome Urinary urea nitrogen: too insensitive for calculating nitrogen balance studies in surgical clinical nutrition [see comments]
– See: EKG Changes – Nl Values: Adult 3.5-5.1 mmol/L, Child 3.4-4.7 mmol/L; – Diff Dx: – factitious increase (hemolysis of specimen, thrombocytosis – leukocytosis, prolonged tourniquet placement for venipuncture; – renal failure (acute, chronic), RTA, Addison’s dz, acidosis – spironolactone, triamterene, dehydration/hypovolemia, hemolysis, – … Read more
– See: – Diabetic Foot Menu – Osteomyelitis in the Diabetic Patient – Amputations in the Diabetic Patient – Discussion: – several abnormalities of cutaneous circulatory anatomy & hemodynamics exist in pts with diabetes; – increased incidence of atherosclerosis, calcification of tunica media, & thickening of tunica … Read more