Orthopaedic Index: B
Bones B12 deficiency Back Pain in the Adult Back Pain in the Child Bacterial Menu Baker’s Cyst Bankart Lesion Barlow’s Test Basal Joint Arthritis Bassett Becker Muscular Dystrophy Below Knee … Read more
Spine
Impediments to Reduction in DDH
– See: – Pathogenesis of DDH – Table I – Discussion: – soft-tissue impediments to adequate reduction include: – constriction of the joint capsule of hip: most important type of obstruction in older children; – contraction of the psoas tendon over … Read more
Implants for Distal Radius Fractures
– Fracture: – displaced unstable fractures of the styloid process; – Implant: – 4.0 mm cancellous bone screws, 3.5 mm cortex screws or 3.5 mm cannulated screws; – 2.7 mm condylar plate; – lag screw fixation with 4.0 mm … Read more
IM Nailing of Proximal Tibial Fractures
– See: IM Nailing of Tibia Fractures – Discussion: – IM naling of these fractures is technically difficult and often results in malalignment; – other options include: external fixation for open fractures; – Intramedullary nailing versus percutaneous locked plating of extra-articular proximal tibial fractures: comparison of 56 … Read more
IM Tibial Nailing: Skin Incision and Exposure
– Skin Incision and Initial Exposure: – as noted by Keating, et al (1997), 77% of patients who had a mid-patellar tendon splitting incision had significant knee pain; – in the report by Toivanen JA, et al (2002), the authors evaluated anterior knee pain in patients … Read more
Ilioinguinal Approach to the Acetabulum
– See: Watson Jones Approach – Discussion: – frx of anterior column & some anterior column-posterior hemitransverse frx are approached using ilioinguinal approach; – ilioinguinal approach can give simultaneous access to both anterior & posterior portions of the pelvic ring; – medial portion of this approach … Read more
Ilioinguinal Nerve
– Discussion: – ilioinguinal nerve originates from first lumbar root (L1 ); – emerges from lateral aspect of Psoas muscle, and passes around posterior abdominal wall over quadratus lumborum and Iliacus; – it then travels under external oblique, enters inguinal canal & descends to supply sensory fibers to skin of … Read more
Ilizarov Method: Ambulation
Dr. Mangal Parihar – Discussion: Practically every patient needs to be taught weight bearing ambulation after the fixator is put on. It is not enough to tell them to bear full weight. There is a natural wariness to bear full weight on a limb that has just been operated, which is compounded by the pain … Read more
Iliocostalis Lumborum
origin: anterior surface of a broad and thick tendon which originates from the sacrum, spinous proceses of the lumbar vertebrae and from the inner lip of the iliac crest; insertion: inferior borders of the angles of the lower 6 or 7 ribs; action: acting bilaterally, extension and hyperextension of the spine; acting unilaterally, laterally flexes the … Read more
Iliocostalis thoracis
origin: superior borders of the angles of lower 6 ribs medial to the tendons of insertion of the Iliocostalis Lumborum; insertion: into the angles of the upper 6 or 7 ribs and into the transverse process of the 7th cervical vertebrae; action: acting bilaterally, extension and hyperextension of the spine; acting unilaterally, laterally flexes the spine; … Read more