– Types of Spondylolisthesis: – Congenital – Isthmic – Degenerative – Spondylolysis of the Fourth Lumbar Vertebra – Spondylolisthesis w/ Scoliosis – Discussion: – spondylolysis involves defect passing between superior articular process & remainder of the lamina, most often involving L5; … Read more
– Discussion: – spondylolysis refers to radiolucent defect of pars interarticularis; – if defect is large, it is seen on nearly all x-rays of lumbar spine; – if it is unilateral, as it is in 20 to 25 per cent of patients, or if it is not … Read more
– Discussion: – scoliosis is present in > 20% pts who have symptomatic spondylolisthesis but in only 13 per cent of those who have spondylolysis; – incidence of scoliosis is higher in pts w/ dysplastic spondylolisthesis than in those who have isthmic spondylolisthesis; – Olisthetic scoliosis: – scoliosis usually is not … Read more
– See: Occult Spondylolysis – Discussion: – spondylolysis is rarely symptomatic in adolescents; – in children, be especially concerned if symptoms that do not respond to rest or immobilization or if there are neurological findings. – diff dx: – disc-space infection … Read more
– See: Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Congenita: – Discussion: – generalized skeletal dysplasia affecting primarily the spine & epiphyses of the larger, more proximally located joints; – many patients go unrecognized until the adolescent years when hip pain or scoliosis develops; – typically, patients develop hip pain and stiffness in the first or second decade and are … Read more
– Discussion: – those w/ symptomatic Grade II spondylolithesis should be restricted from activities such as gymnastics; – in younger children (ages 6 to 12), a slip of this degree is significant and highly likely to progress during the remaining growth years; – fusion should thus … Read more
– Surgical Technique: – STSG for hand defects – STSG Donor Site – Discussion: – a STSG includes of the epidermis and various amounts of the dermis; – skin that has been transplanted from one area to another maintains most of its original characteristics, w/ exception that sensation & sweating … Read more
Discussion conditions include: AS Reiter’s Syndrome Psoriatic Arthritis Inflammatory Bowel Disease typically involves the axial skeleton; affected areas heal w/ fibroblastic proliferation followed by new bone formation; pathogenesis of these disorders is unknown except for Reiter’s syndrome, which is generally believed to result from aberrant host response to a pathogenic microorganism; Labs RF is negative; HLA-B27 phenotype: … Read more
– See: Spondyloepiphyseal Dysplasia Tarda: – Discussion: – a type of short trunk disproportionate dwarfism, in which there is involvement of the vertebra and epiphyseal centers; – can be transmitted as autosomal dominant trait, although most cases arise as random mutations; – symptoms include delayed developmental milestones, diminished endurance, and … Read more
origin: spinous processes of 3rd to 6th thoracic vertebrae; insertion: 1st, 2nd, 3rd and sometimes the 4th cervical vertebrae transverse processes on the posterior aspect; action: acting bilaterally, extends and hyperextends the head and neck; Acting unilaterally flexes and rotates neck to the same side; nerve supply: posterior rami of the lower cervical spinal nerves; synergists: … Read more