Ortho Oracle - orthopaedic operative atlas

APC-I

– Discussion:     – anterior SI ligaments are stretched;     – radiographs show slight (< 2 cm) widening of the pubic symphysis and often imperceptable widening of the SI joint;     – results from low energy forces Surgeon Variability in the Treatment of Pelvic Ring Injuries Stress radiograph to detect true extent of … Read more

AO Classification (Muller)

– A: Extra-articular (Transverse) – B: Unicondylar fracture        – subdivided into lateral condyle sagittal, and medial condyle saggital and coronal;        – deforming forces: gastrocnemius        – of special importance is B III (Coronal or Hoffa fracture), where only soft tissue attachment is the posterior capsule, that behaves  … Read more

AO/Weber: Type A Malleolar Fractures

– Discussion:     – usually involves a supination-adduction injury;     – frequently does well w/ closed reduction;     – if frx in fibula is transverse, it is type I avulsion fibular frx;     – since syndesmotic ligaments are intact, ankle mortise is also stable;     – type A:  fibula fracture … Read more

AP of Ankle

  – Discussion: – is taken in line with the long axis of the foot; – entire fibula should be included if there is lateral joint tenderness above the joint line; – this view is used to evaluate medial & lateral malleolus anterolateral tibia and proximal fibula; – osteochondral frx of distal tibia and talus; … Read more

AVN and Salvage of Talus Fractures

– See: – Radiographic Evaluation – Blood Supply to Talus- Discussion: – may occur following talar neck fractures or may be atraumatic (from SLE, diabetes, MS ect); – absence of subchondral bone atrophy in talar dome on x-ray after 6 weeks following fracture implies AVN (see Hawkins Sign); – however,  there is not direct correlation between development of AVN and … Read more

Anti-Fungal Agents

Amphotericin B/Fungizone Clotrimazole/Lotrimin Econazole/Spectazole Griseofulvin Fluconazole Ketoconazole/Nizoral Miconazole/Monistat Nystatin/Mycostatin Pyogenic and fungal vertebral osteomyelitis with paralysis. A randomized trial comparing fluconazole with amphotericin B for the treatment of candidemia in patients without neutropenia. Candidemia Study Group and the National Institute.

Antibiotic Prophylaxis

– See:       – Antibiotic Menu       – Osteomyelitis – Perioperative Prophylactic Antibiotics:     – the main question we need to ask is what are we trying to accomplish?     – obviously we want a strategy that prevents the infection of MRSA, MSSA, staph epi, and anaerobic infections;     – giving ancef alone, … Read more