Lumbricals
– See: – Bunnel Test for Intrinsic Tightness: – Extensor Mechanism of Digits – Lumbrical Muscle Sheaths – Lumbical Plus Finger: – Origin: – tendons of FDP tendon in center of palm, just proximal to the flexor sheath and the A1 … Read more
Muscles Tendons
Lumbar Burst Fractures
– See: – Burst Fractures – Lumbar vertebrae: – Discussion: – typical injury pattern for burst frxs varies w/ anatomic level; – L1 to L3 pedicles are frequently comminuted or detached; – L4 to L5 frx usually present a consistent pattern: … Read more
Lumbar Plexus
– Anatomy: – primary ventral rami of five lumbar nerves and of first four sacral nerves combine to form the lumbar (L1, L2, L3, L4) & lumbosacral (L4, L5, S1, S2, S3, S4) plexuses, each giving rise to anterior and posterior branches; – anterior branches supply flexor … Read more
Lumbar Stenosis
– Discussion: – spinal stensosis is a narrowing of the lumbar spinal canal and/or neural foramina; – results in compression of the cauda equina and lumbar nerve roots, producing neural root ischemia and neurogenic claudication; – compression of neural structures also compresses vascular supply of nerves so that symptoms are predominately those of … Read more
Low Back Pain in the Adult
– Discussion: – low back pain is the second most common symptomatic reason for physician visits (followed by URTI) – diff dx: – waddel criteria: – Exam of Lumbar Spine: – exam of C-Spine: – neuro exam – general assessment: … Read more
Low Back Pain in the Adult: Radiographic Studies
– Discussion: – plain radiographs: – in low risk patients, radiographs are indicated if LBP does not improve after 6 weeks; – low risk implies that the patient is between 18-50 years, acute onset, absence of night pain, no … Read more
Low Ulnar Nerve Injury
– See: – Claw Hand: – Tendon Excursion: – Nerve Repair: – Combined Injuries of the Median and Ulnar Nerves: – Discussion: – lesion of ulnar nerve at or near wrist or base of palm will result in paralysis of hypothenar … Read more
Lower Cervical Burst Fractures
– See: – Cervical Compression Frx: – Burst Frx of Spine – Flexion Tear Drop Frx – Extension Teardrop Frx of C2 – Discussion: – may be clinically & radiographically similar to flexion teardrop frx; – its … Read more
Longus Colli
Anatomy origin: from bondies of the 5th, 6th, and 7th cervical and the 1st, 2nd and 3rd thoracic vertebrae, with the slips from transverse processes; insertion: it lies on the anterior surface of the vertebral bodies between C1 and T3; bodies of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th cervicals with slips to transverse processes; action: acting bilaterally, … Read more
Losee Test
– See: – Pivot shift – Anterior Cruciate Ligament – Anterolateral Rotatory Instability – Clunk Test – Diagram – Lachman – Losee Test – reverse pivot shift Test – Discussion: – begins w/ the knee in flexion as an external rotation & valgus force are applied; – … Read more