– Discussion: – for HTN; – Alpha blocker with some direct smooth muscle relaxation: – Dosing: – Initial: 1mg PO bid to tid (watch out for syncope); – Maintenance dose: 6-15 mg/day given in 2-3 divided doses; – Maximun daily dose: 20 mg/day; – Precautions: – syncope may occur w/ dose > 2 mg; – … Read more
– Discussion: – is apparent when with stress testing lateral tibial plateau rotates posteriorly in relation to the femur with lateral opening of joint; – atraumatic type: – presents as chronic laxity, often with a varus knee deformity; – this ligamentous laxity often … Read more
– See: Anterior Tibial Artery – Discussion: – posterior tibial artery enters posterior compartment of leg lying posterior to tibialis posterior & enters plantar foot after passing behind medial malleolus; – largest branch is peroneal artery arising high in leg and coursing downward in posterior compartment, lying just medial to fibula; – gives off branches to … Read more
– See: – tibial component – proximal tibial cut – extra-medullary cutting guide; – Discussion: – viewed in saggital plane, line drawn between anterior & posterior rims of the tibial plateaus is approx 10 deg posteriorly; – this radiographic tilt does not take the menisci into … Read more
– See: – Biomechanics of TKR – Joint Line Position – PCL Retaining TKR – Discussion: – cruciate ligaments are needed for running atheletes, but are not as important to resist forces in thesagittal plane in reconstructed arthritic knee; – theoretically, PCL-substituting TKR allow exposure & ligament correction of PCL-sacrificing prosthesis while reproducing kinematic effects of PCL; … Read more
– See: – Posterior Horn Tears of Medial Meniscus – Open Medial Meniscal Repair (Posterior) – Open Lateral Meniscal Repair (Posterior)
– Discussion: – thickening of the medial capsular ligament attached proximally to adductor tubercle of femur and distally to tibia & posterior aspect of the capsule; – anatomically this is the third (deep) layer of the medial compartment; – parts of the distal arm: … Read more
– Discussion: – posterior horn of the medial meniscus is difficult structure to view w/ arthroscope, esp in very tight joints with little valgus laxity; – Positioning: Valgus Stress to the Slightly Flexed Knee: – valgus stress applied to slightly flexed knee (no > 10 deg) combined w/ external rotation of tibia … Read more
– Discussion: – diagnosis: limb is shortened, internally rotated, and adducted; – Thompson and Epstein Classification: – Type I: w/ or w/o a minor fracture – Type II: w/ large single frx of post. acetabular rim; … Read more
– See: Posterior Cruciate Ligament: – Discussion: – unlike the ACL, the PCL does have a capacity to heal; – references: – Chronically injured posterior cruciate ligament: Magnetic resonance imaging. – Magnetic resonance imaging of posterior cruciate ligament injuries: assessment of healing. – The natural history of … Read more