– See: Back Pain in Children – Discussion: – results of exam may be normal in child w/ spondylolysis or mild (Grade-I or Grade-II) spondylolisthesis. – Back: – tenderness to palpation in the low back; – splinting as well as guarding & restriction of side-to-side motion of low back, particularly … Read more
– Clinical Findings: – history: patient may complain of a subjective knee hyperextension sensation, and twisting or pivoting are also difficult; – lack of contained effusion is suggestive of posterolateral capsular injury; – look for diffuse tenderness over the posterolateral joint region, fibular head, and joint line; … Read more
– Discussion: – serial diagnostic exam should take into consideration static deformities of the lower extremities, gait, ROM, tenderness, and knee stability; – in the child w/ a painful knee, it is essential to closely examine the hip as hip pathology can refer pain to the hip; – Examination: – Gait: … Read more
– Inspection: – look at shoes for signs of abnormal wear; – inspect standing foot and ankle alignment from behind; – note arch height; – Assessment of Gait: – always examine the soles of the patient’s shoes for signs of asymmetrical wear; – look for … Read more
– See: – PE of C-Spine: – Neuro Exam – Inspection: (scoliosis, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, zoster ect.) – ROM: – extension: Phalen’s test (lumbar stenosis) – flexion: – frequently assessed by patient’s ability to touch the floor; … Read more
– See: THR Main Menu: – Discussion: – evaluation of painful THR: – when previously pain free hip becomes painful, suspect loosening; – where as acetabular loosening tends to cause groin pain, femoral loosening tends to cause thigh pain; – increased limp and shortening are signs of … Read more
– See: Osteoporosis – Discussion: – for most postmenopausal women with osteoporosis, estrogen therapy also should be instituted at a dose of 0.625 mg of conjugated estrogen per day or its equivalent; – administration of estrogen by transdermal patch is effective and may result in more stable plasma estrogen concentrations; … Read more
– Femoral Exposure: – femur is exposed by placing a medium Homan retractor under femoral neck & 2nd under quad. femoris & levering down on fascia lata; – leg is held in adduction, flexion and internal rotation such that tibia is vertical; – remove any remaining … Read more
– See: – Bone Tumor Menu: – Eosinophilic Granuloma of Spine: – Discussion: – includes a group of disorders characterized by a variety of tumor like lesions, which arise from from clonal proliferation of Langerhans- type histiocytes; – most common in children less than 12 … Read more