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Knee Joint


- See:
      - Rolling and Gliding Mechanism:
      - Gait:
- Discussion:
    - bones forming joint are femur, tibia, & patella;
    - two femurs converge toward the knee and each tibia is nearly vertical, femur & tibia meet angle of some 5-12 deg;
         - greater angle results in genu valgum;
         - lesser angle results in genu varum;
    - condyles:
         - femur ends in two rounded condyles joined anteriorly to from patellar articular surface and separated posteriorly by a deep
              intercondylar fossa;
         - condyles are almost in line w/ front of shaft, but they project backward well beyond shaft, as in letter J, circumstance of
              significance in movement of the joint;
         - medial condyle is larger, more curved, & projects further than lateral condyle, accounting for angle between femur & tibia;
         - sides of condyles are roughened and project somewhat as medial and lateral epicondyles;
    - tibial plateua:
         - on its expanded upper end, tibia has 2 slightly concave condyles separated by an intercondylar eminence and the sloping areas
              in front and behind it;
         - low elevation, tibial tuberosity, for insertion of quadriceps, is situated at the junction of anterior border of shaft with expanded 
              upper end of the tibia;
    - patella


An evolutionary perspective of the knee

Limits of movement in the human knee. Effect of sectioning the posterior cruciate ligament and posterolateral structures.

Physeal arrest about the knee associated with non-physeal fractures in the lower extremity.

Reflex sympathetic dystrophy of the knee. Treatment using continuous epidural anesthesia

Clinical assessment of Maquet tibial tuberosity advancement.

Knee dysfunction secondary to dislocation of the fabella.

Isolated chondral fractures of the knee.

Degenerative arthritis of the knee secondary to fracture malunion

The role of arthroscopy in the treatment of postoperative fibroarthrosis of the knee joint.

Spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee.

Knee ligament injuries in children.

Triple tenodesis of the knee. A soft-tissue operation for the correction of paralytic genu recurvatum.

Arthroscopic lavage and debridement for osteoarthritis of the knee.

Comparison of tibiofemoral joint forces during open-kinetic-chain and closed-kinetic-chain exercises.

The axes of rotation of the knee.