Ortho Oracle - orthopaedic operative atlas

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Somites

– See: limb development – Discussion:     – skeleton and skeletal muscle develop from the mesoderm;           – thin layer of cells in early embryo located between ectoderm & endoderm & interrupted in midline by notochord;     – mesoderm on either side of notochord forms longitudinal mass, paraxial mesoderm; … Read more

Soleus

– See:      – Blood Supply of the Soleus:      – Soleus Muscle Flap:      – Superficial Posterior Compartment: – origin:         – posterior surface of the head and upper 1/3 of the shaft of the fibula;         – middle 1/3 of the medial border of … Read more

Soft Tissue Coverage for the Leg

 – See:          – Arteriography           – Foot Reconstuctive Surgery           – Microanastomosis           – Pharmocological Agents in Vascular Surgery  – Initial Wound Care of Open Tibia Fractures – Soft Tissue Coverage Following Tibial Frx: (Tibia Frx)     – STSG;           – split thickness skin grafts require a … Read more

Snake Bite Wounds

– See: necrotizing fascitis – Discussion:     – snake bite resources     – snake types:          – pit vipers (crotaline) which include rattlesnakes, cottonmouths, and copperheads;                – crotalus (rattlesnakes)                – agkistrodon (copperheads, water moccasins)                – micrurus … Read more

Sodium Fluoride

– Discussion:     – stimulates osteoblasts directly;     – in dosages of 40-80 mg per day, Na fluoride can increase trabecular-bone density of the axial skeleton substantially but does not increase cortical-bone density in the appendicular skeleton;     – concurrent calcium administration prevents or minimizes the mineralization defect that may occur when fluoride … Read more

Smith’s Fracture

– See:        – Barton’s Fracture – Discussion:      – extra-articular palmarly displaced distal radius frx;      – volar angulation of frx is referred to as “Garden Spade” deformity (reversed Colles Fracture);      – hand & wrist are displaced forward or volarly w/ respect to forearm;      – frx may … Read more

Sodium Polystyrene Sulfonate/Kayexalate

– Discussion:  – is a potassium removing resin, for hyperkalemia;  – works as cation exchange resin, Na for K;  – because of its delayed action, a cation exchange resin such as sodium sulfonate should be used only in mild cases of hyperkalemia or in catabolic patients with continuous release of intracellular potassium;  – Precautions:  – … Read more

Scapholunate Interosseous Ligament and Anatomy of SLD:

– Discussion: (see ligaments of the wrist and SLD)    – three main ligamentous structures which bind the scaphoid to lunate;              – volar radioscapholunate ligament (largest);              – radiocapitolunate ligament;              – scapholunate interosseous ligament (consists of dorsal, proximal, and palmar segments bridging the scaphoid and lunate);                        – dorsal portion:                                 – 2-3 mm thick with transversely oriented … Read more