Calcitonin
– Male:<155 ng/L; Female: <105 ng/L; – Increased: – medullary ca of Thyroid, newborns, pregnancy, chronic renal renal, Zollinger Ellison syndrome, pernicious anemia
Data Trace Editor
Calcaneal Frx: Primary Frx Line
– Discussion: – the primary frx line begins in the sinus tarsi and then extends obliquely and posteriorly to exit the medial wall; – hence the frx, travels antero-lateral to posteromedial; – the primary frx line usually extends anterior to the angle of Gissane but in some cases may extend anteriorly as far as … Read more
Calcaneal Frx: Secondary Frx Line
– Discussion: – includes the tounge frx and joint depression frx; – results from axial force that is maintained after the primary frx line occurs; – posterolateral aspect of talus impacts on posterior facet resulting in explosion of lateral wall that may extend as far laterally as the calcaneocuboid joint; … Read more
Calcaneal pins
– Discussion: – are placed from the medial side to avoid damage to the posterior tibial neurovascular pedicle; – posterior tibial pulse should be palpated with one hand during the initial placement; – safe zone is outlined by a vertical line tangential to the posterior border of the medial … Read more
Calcaneofibular Ligament
– Discussion: – calcaneofibular ligament is a extra-articular round and cordlike ligament which connnects tip of distal fibula to small tubercle on posterior & lateral aspect of calcaneus; – crosses two joints, talocrural and the talocalcaneal; – 2 cm long, 5 mm wide, and 3 mm thick; … Read more
Calcaneonavicular Coalition
– Discussion: – type of tarsal coalition: – calcaneonavicular bar is most common, followed by middle facet of the talocalcaneal joint; – ossification occurs between 8 and 12 years; – coalition between calcaneus & navicular is usually seen in pts between 8-12 years of age when cartilaginous … Read more
Cad Cam Socket
– Discussion: – AKA – NSNA, Cat-Cam, with a narrower medial – lateral designs will share load w/ gluteal structures & greater trochanteric; – ischium and the ramus are contained within the socket of these newer, more anatomic, and more functional designs; – narrow medial-lateral above knee … Read more
Caffey’s Syndrome (Infantile cortical hyperostosis)
– See: Alkaline Phosphatase – Discussion: – disease of unknown etiology affecting skeleton & adjacent tissues; – characterized by fever, rirritability, swelling of soft tissues, & cortical bone thickening; – thickening of jaw & forearm are the most common sites, but occassionally lesion is diffuse; … Read more
Calcaneal Body Fractures
– Treatment: – elevation, bed rest in a bulky compression dressing for 48-72 hrs, followed by active ROM exercises and a touch down wt bearing cast for 4-6 weeks; – young pts with heel widening may benefit from closed reduction using palm pressure to mold the heel into a narrow contour
Calcaneal Fracture
– See: – Calcaneal Frx in Children – Fatigue Fractures of the Calcaneus – Fractures of the Anterior Process – Sub-Talar Joint – Sustentaculuum Tali Fractures – Discussion: – typically results from fall from height (see mechanism) – 2 types of frx may occur: extra-articular and intra-articular: – intra-articular fracture: – secondary frx line; … Read more