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Histology of Hyperparthyroidism
– Advanced Disease: – osteoclastic resorption may become so severe that no bone is seen; – there is granulation tissue w/ fibroblasts, giant cells, inflammatory cells, and macrophages, containing hemosiderin in many cases; – this is characteristic of a brown tumor of hyperparathyroidism; – due … Read more
Histology of Skeletal Muscle
– See: – A Band : – I Band : – Chemistry of Muscle – Discussion: – epimysium: – outermost layer is the epimysium – covers the surface of the muscle and has important roles in force transmission and insulation … Read more
Historic Operations
– Putti Platt: – tightening, & realigning of subscapularis which partially limits external rotation; – anterior capsule is also realinged and reenforced; – subscapularis is divided 2.5 cm from its insertion; – anterior shoulder capsule is opened in same plane as tendon is divided allowing joint to … Read more
Hip Spica Cast
– See: Pediatric Femoral Frx Menu – Discussion: – timing: – Immediate single-leg spica cast for pediatric femoral diaphysis fractures. – contraindications: – unacceptable shortening or angulation; – open fractures; – thoracic or intra-abdominal trauma; … Read more
Histologic Changes in Rickets
– Medullary bone: – decreased in quantity, & trabecula are thin & irregular; – feature that most sig helps to establish the dx is presence of layer of unmineralized bone (osteoid seam) surrounding mineralized segment; – trabeculae & cortex have less bone, & is surrounded by a layer of unmineralized bone (osteoid seam) – osteoid seams; … Read more
Histological Characteristics of Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
– Discussion: – mixture of benign stromal tissue – large vascular lacunae separated by septa in which numerous giant cells are found & & filled with clotted blood (blood-filled spaces with bland fibrous connective tissue septa) that resembles cranberry sauce; – cavernous spaces vessel lack walls & … Read more
Histological Features of Giant Cell Tumor of Bone
– Discussion: – numerous multinucleated giant cells, proliferative stroma, areas of necrosis, reactive peripheral bone, & occassional mitotic figures in the stroma (but no mitotic figures in the giant cells); – stromal cells appear elongate with oval nuclei; – giant cells may resemble osteoclasts; – Histologic Differential Dx: … Read more
Histological Features of Myopathy
– Discussion: – individual fibers are affected in random fashion throughout the muscle; – muscle fibers become rounded, will vary in size; – nuclei frequently migrate centrally; – may see phagocytosis of individual cells; – unlike neuropathic disease, in myopathy, active regeneration of fibers is … Read more
Histology and Growth of Bone
Microscopic Structure of Bone Cancellous Bone Circumferential Grouth Haversian System Longitudinal Growth Development of Bone from a Cartilage Model Tubulation