Ortho Oracle - orthopaedic operative atlas

Risedronate (Actonel)

– Discussion:     – pyridinyl bisphosphonate which is indicated in osteoporosis;     – increases bone mineral density;     – in the study by McClung, et al, the authors studied 5445 women 70 to 79 years old who had osteoporosis (indicated by a T score for bone mineral density at the femoral neck that … Read more

Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT) – Risk Reduction

Procedure-specific risk reduction THA TKA trauma, pelvic fractures, and extremity fractures hip fracture Specific agents for risk reduction apixaban (oral factor Xa inhibitor) Apixaban for Extended Treatment of Venous Thromboembolism aspirin  (see role of ASA for DVT prophylaxsis) danaparoid low molecular wt glycosaminoglycan with potent anti factor Xa activity fondaparinux low molecular weight heparins may … Read more

Risk of Progression

– See:       – Unilateral Bar:       – Segmented Vertebrae: – Discussion:      – many pts have mild curves that are stable for years and then suddenly become severe when the adolescent growth spurt begins;      – approx 75% of pts w/ Congenital Scoliosis will show progression, & approx 50% will … Read more

DVT and PE – Risks

Total hip replacement (THA) overview 40-60% of THA patients who do not receive prophylaxis will get a DVT (dependent on imaging method) reference – Significance of deep venous thrombosis in the lower extremity after total joint arthroplasty. in contrast, the study by Fender, et al. (1997) showed that the incidence of fatal PE (as diagnosed … Read more

Rolando’s fracture

– See:      – Anatomy of CMC joint      – Bennett’s Fracture      – Thumb Fractures / Dislocations – Discussion:     – described in 1910 by Dr. Rolando;     – involves 3 part frx at base of metacarpal;     – in addition to volar lip frx (as seen w/ … Read more

Rickets

– See:     – Osteomalacia:     – Vit D Abnormalities: – Discussion:     – rickets is an osteomalacic syndrome in which there is an inability to mineralize chondroid and osteoid;           – lack of available calcium or phosphorus (or both) for mineralization of newly formed osteoid;     … Read more

Rifampin

– Discussion:     – for primary TB, treatment of assymptomatic carriers of N. meningitidis to eliminate meningococci from the nasopharynx;     – also used in combination with other agents (cipro, levofloxacin, zyvox) for treatment of staphyloccocus infections;     – it inhibits bacterial DNA dependent RNA polymerase activity;     – may be especially useful to eradicate … Read more

Right and Left Bundle Branch Block

— QRS > 0.12 sec in Limb leads;  — Note: w/ LBBB, MI can’t be accurately; dx’ed on EKG; (can’t identify the Q waves)  — Note: the mean QRS Vector and Vent. Hypertrophy Can’t be accurately calculated in the presence of B.B.B.  — May represent (pending) MI;  – Right B.B.B. (V1,2) Left B.B.B. (V5,6) Lft. … Read more

Rim Fractures

– Discussion:    – 2 subtypes: rim avulsions and rim compression frx;    – all knees w/ rim frxs have capsular and collateral ligament injuries;    – avulsions of rim of tibial plateau articular surface or compression frx of that rim almost always are accompanied by significant collateral or cruciate ligament injury;    – may … Read more