Ortho Oracle - orthopaedic operative atlas

Arthrodesis of the First MP Joint

– Discussion: – this is probably an under rated procedure in terms of its indications; – surgical indications: – hallux valgus + 2nd toe amputation: – great toe is stabilized in part by the presence of 2nd toe; – when it is absent, a hallux valgus valgus deformity is best treated by arthrodesis of first … Read more

Arterialized Venous Skin Flaps

– Discussion:     – consist of subQ vein along w/ skin, & usually are taken from flexor side of distal forearm or the dorsal aspect of foot;     – vein is interposed between missing segments of the distal artery;     – this restores circulation and covers the skin defect;     – … Read more

Arterio-venous malformations

– See: venous malformations – Discussion:     – high flow lesion     – may start small in childhood and be triggered to enlarge after trauma     – spontaneous bleeding may occur     – associated conditions:           – Klippel-Trénaunay syndrome: capillary, lymphatic, and venous malforma-tions with skeletal overgrowth; … Read more

Arteriography in Vascular Trauma

– See:      – Arterial Injuries Assoc. w/ Fractures:      – Arterial Trauma:      – Femoral Arteriogram:      – Upper Extremity Arteriogram of the Limbs  – Discussion:     – pts w/ obvious signs of vascular injury, such as rapid external bleeding, an expanding hematoma, signs of distal ischemia, or palpable           thrill, … Read more

Open Tibia Fractures: Type C – (Arterial Injuries)

– Discussion:      – these fractures by definition are associated w/ vascular trauma, and have a high prevalence of infection:       – its important to assess viability of the limb, both w/ common sense, as well as w/ objective criteria such as the MESS;       – main controversy is whether tp procede on with vascular repair, frx … Read more

Arterial Trauma

– See: – Artery Menu – Arterial Injuries Associated with Fractures – Pharmocological Agents in Vascular Surgery: – Technique of Microanatomosis: – Arteriography – Types of Injuries: – intimal injuries: – nonsevered artery: – results from blunt force or stretch, may follow passage of missle; – results in loss or reduction of flow w/o external … Read more

Aricular Hematoma / Cauliflower Ear

– Discusion:     – arises from direct blows to the ear;     – trauma and resulting hematoma causes perichondrium to to separate from the cartilage, which cuts off              blood supply to the cartilage (causing cartilage necrosis);     – Management:     – aspiration and application of … Read more

AP View of Pelvis

See also: X-rays for THR X-rays for Femoral Neck Fractures Discussion this view should demonstrate the iliac bone, sacrum, pubis, ischium, femoral heads and necks, and greater or lesser trochanters; arcuate, iliopubic, ilioischial, and acetabular teardrop lines, sacral foramina, & SI joint should be scrutinized carefully and identified in a systematic manner; patient is supine with the … Read more

AO/Weber: Type A Malleolar Fractures

– Discussion:     – usually involves a supination-adduction injury;     – frequently does well w/ closed reduction;     – if frx in fibula is transverse, it is type I avulsion fibular frx;     – since syndesmotic ligaments are intact, ankle mortise is also stable;     – type A:  fibula fracture … Read more

AVN and Salvage of Talus Fractures

– See: – Radiographic Evaluation – Blood Supply to Talus- Discussion: – may occur following talar neck fractures or may be atraumatic (from SLE, diabetes, MS ect); – absence of subchondral bone atrophy in talar dome on x-ray after 6 weeks following fracture implies AVN (see Hawkins Sign); – however,  there is not direct correlation between development of AVN and … Read more