– Metrizamide; – water soluble contrast agent that is absorbed by the body, enhances definition of structures; – it is meningeal irritant, but has not been associated w/ arachnoiditis; – Clinical Reactions: – nausea, vomiting, confusion, and seizures; – side effects are related to dehydration, phenothiazines, tricyclics, and … Read more
– See: – Orthopaedic Manifestations of Myelomeningocele: – Discussion: – scoliosis in myelomenigocele may have a multifactorial etiology: – idiopathic causes; – myelomeningocele structural defect; – congenital defects – paralytic … Read more
– Use of Medications in Pregnancy: – calcium supplementation – intra-articular steroids – note that intra-articular steroids may interfere w/ lactation in nursing mothers; – ref: The use of antirheumatic medication during pregnancy and in the puerperium. – Surgical Considerations: – positioning: – avoid supine positioning because of hypotensive effects from aortocaval compression by the … Read more
Section Editor Dean Taylor, MD – See: Muscle Anatomy, Histology, & Physiology; A Abductor Digiti Minimi Brevis Abductor Digiti Minimi (hand) Abductor Hallucis Abductor Pollicis Brevis Abductor Pollicis Longus Anconeus Adductor Brevis Adductor Hallucis Adductor Longus Adductor Magnus Adductor Pollicis B Biceps Brachii Biceps Femoris Brachialis Brachioradialis C Coracobrachialis D Deltoid Dorsal Interossei of Feet … Read more
– Myopathic Disorders – Muscle Fiber Types – Biochemistry of Skeletal Muscle Contraction: – Muscle Contraction: – Depolarization – Metabolic Sequence – Calcium Regulation of Muscle Contraction – Histology of Skeletal Muscle – Chemistry of Skeletal Muscle – Muscle Cramps – Extra … Read more
– Discussion: – derives from lateral cord (C5, C6): – musculocutaneous nerve passes through coracobrachialis; between biceps & brachialis, & becomes lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve at elbow; – it has only muscular branches above elbow & only sensory branches below; – lesion of this nerve produces weakness of … Read more
– See: Muscle Menu – Two Major Fiber Types: type I and type II fibers; – in lower mammals and other animals, muscles are generally composed entirely type I or type II fibers; – human muscle is made up of a mixture of type I and type II fibers; – … Read more
– See: EMG in Demyelinating Neuropathies: – Discussion: – is a relapsing, and commonly progressive disorder of the white matter of the CNS; – is the most common demyelinating disease to affect the spinal cord and brain; – 80% of cases involve the cord, and 20-33% show symptoms referable … Read more
– See: Cotrel-Dubousset – Discussion: – multisegmental hook systems, like CD and TSRH, provide multiple points of fixation to the spine and allow both compression and distraction on the same rod; – added strength is obtained w/ use of several transverse traction devices, which convert the system to rigid rectangle; … Read more
– a series of pairs of muscles of small muscles extending the full length of the spine just superficial to the rotators and each spanning 2 or 3 intervertebral spaces before inserting; origin: posterior surface of the sacrum, the dorsal end of the iliac crest, the transverse processes of the lumbar and the thoracic vertebrae and the … Read more