– Discussion: – two major glycosaminoglycans w/ in cartilage ground substance consist of chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate; – both of these substances are covalently attached to the core protein of proteoglycan; – their concentration and distribution w/ in matrix vary considerably according to age, type of cartilage, & … Read more
– See: Patella and Patellofemoral Function – Discussion: – chondromalacia describes softening & fissuring of articular hyaline cartilage; – chondromalacia may result from an excessive load on patellofemoral joint, but disuse may be a contributing factor; – most common in yound women; – relationship between chondrosis & … Read more
– See: Knee Joint Menu – Discussion: – articular cartilage injury and potential for repair; – rotational forces in direct trauma is the most common cause of injury to the articular cartilage; – in adults, the tidemark zone is the weak link between the overlying cartilage and subchondral bone and therefore shearing injuries most often … Read more
– Discussion: – in this procedure, a “V” shaped osteotomy of the distal metatarsal is created, which allows the first MT head to be shifted laterally, correcting the abnormal shape from long standing valgus drift; – effect on blood supply: – Circulatory disturbance of the first metatarsal head after Chevron osteotomy as shown by … Read more
– Discussion: – standard forearm flap is vascularized by a pedicle that consists of the radial artery and two vena comitantes that are ligated proximally and turned distally toward the defect in the hand; – it provides a thin, vascularized wound cover and a vascular bed for skin grafting; – … Read more
– Discussion: – radial styloid frxs most commonly occur from tension forces sustained during ulnar deviation and supination of the wrist; – strong radiocarpal ligament, particularly radioscaphocapitate ligament, avulse radial styloid from metaphysis of the radius; – ligamentous attachments maintains alignment radial styloid to carpus, but styloid may be markedly displaced from … Read more
– See: Anesthesia Considerations and Timing – PreOp Management: – Etiology of Fracture: – arrhythmia: consider continuous monitoring – hypoxia – osteoporosis – pathologic hip fractures – seizure – stroke – … Read more
– Anesthesia: – GEA if possible (a neurological exam is often required at the end of the case); – Equipement: – bipolar cautery – hand tray – bone reduction clamps – small Homans – small fragment set (Synthes – Allen Burrus – # … Read more
– Myosin: – largest of myofibrillar proteins, and it makes up > 50% of muscle mass; – it constitutes thick filament of the contractile unit; – myosin molecule resembles a thin rod with two small, globular heads; – heads of chains protrude from thick filament; … Read more
– Discussion: – type I, type II, and type III are most common; – type IV: – is also referred to as Refsum disease; – associated w/ excess phytanic acid; – type V: – inherited spastic paraplegia with distal weakness in the limbs; – usually presents in the second decade of life or later; – … Read more